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without motivation

Толкование Перевод

1 unmotiviert

I Adj. unmotivated; Handlung etc.: unprompted; LING., LIT. non-transparent

II Adv. for no (apparent) reason, just like that umg.

* * *
ụn|mo|ti|viert ['ʊnmotiviːɐt]
1. adj
unmotivated
2. adv
without motivation
* * *

un·mo·ti·viert

[ˈʊnmotivi:ɐ̯t]

I. adj unmotivated

ein \unmotivierter Wutausbruch an unprovoked outburst [or fit] of anger

II. adv without motivation

\unmotiviert loslachen to start laughing for no reason

* * *
1.
Adjektiv unmotivated
2.
adverbial without reason; for no reason

* * *

unmotiviert

A. adj unmotivated; Handlung etc: unprompted; LING, LIT non-transparent

B. adv for no (apparent) reason, just like that umg

* * *
1.
Adjektiv unmotivated
2.
adverbial without reason; for no reason

* * *

adj.

unmotivated adj.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > unmotiviert
2 ongemotiveerd

ongemotiveerd

1 [zonder reden/aanleiding] 〈 bijvoeglijk naamwoord〉 unmotivated ⇒ motiveless 〈 misdaad〉, unfounded 〈 klacht〉, 〈 bijwoord〉 without motivation/cause/a motive

2 [zonder motieven] ungrounded

3 [zonder motivatie] 〈 bijvoeglijk naamwoord〉 unmotivated; 〈 bijwoord〉 without motivation

♦voorbeelden:

1 een ongemotiveerde aanval • an uncalled-for attack

Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > ongemotiveerd
3 unmotiviert

un·mo·ti·viert [ʼʊnmotivi:ɐ̭t] adj

unmotivated;

ein \unmotivierter Wutausbruch an unprovoked outburst [or fit] of anger

adv without motivation;

\unmotiviert loslachen to start laughing for no reason

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > unmotiviert
4 bezvoljno

adv listlessly itd., in a listless itd. manner, with apathy/lethargy, without motivation

* * *

• dejectedly

• with apathy

• listlessly

• half-heartedly

• in a listless manner

• passively

Hrvatski-Engleski rječnik > bezvoljno
5 κροτών

κροτών, - ῶνος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `tick (louse of sheep), Pediculus ovis, Ixodes' (Arist., Dsc., Plu.), also `tree of castor oil, Ricinus communis' and its seeds (Hp., Thphr., hell.), after Dsc. 4, 161 διὰ την ὡς πρὸς τὸ ζῳ̃ον τοῦ σπέρματος ἐμφέρειαν; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 50.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. κροτωνο-φόρος (γῆ; hell. pap.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Unexplained. Hofmann Et. Wb. considers without motivation connection with κρότος. - From it κροτώνη f. `knag, pathological excrescence on the stem (of the olive), fragments of bronchial cartiledge' (Thphr., Hp., Gal.); on the formation cf. γογγρώνη and Chantraine Formation 207, Schwyzer 491. Connection with κάρταλ(λ)ος `basket' through *κρατώνη (J. Schmidt KZ 32, 370) is both phonetically and semantically difficult.

Page in Frisk: 2,26-27

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κροτών
6 λοξός

λοξός

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `bent to the side, slanting, oblique', metaph. `ambiguous' (IA.).

Compounds: late compp., e.g. λοξο-κέλευθος `with oblique paths' (Nonn.), παρά-λοξος `slanting, oblique' (Sor.; cf. παρα-λοξαίνομαι below).

Derivatives: Λοξίας, ion. - ίης m. surn. of Apollon as prophesying god (B., Hdt., trag.), also of the ecliptic (astr.; cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 256), Λοξώ f. daughter of Boreas (Call., Nonn., EM 641, 57). - λοξικὸς κύκλος `the ecliptic' (astr.), λοξότης `obliquity, ambiguity' (Str., Plu.). - Denomin. verbs: λοξόομαι, - όω, also with ἐπι-, ὑπο-, `be, make oblique, look aslant' (Sophr., Hp., Herod.) with λόξωσις `inclination, obliquity (of the ecliptic)' (Epicur., Str.); ( δια-)λοξεύω `make aslant, ambiguous' (Lib.) with λοξεύματα pl. `obliquities' (Man.); παρα-λοξαίνομαι `be made obliquely' (Hp.),

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: There are several adj. with comparable meaning with σο-suffix: γαυσός, καμψός, φοξός, ῥυσός etc. (Schwyzer 516, Chantraine Form. 434, Specht Ursprung 199ff.). Connection with λέχριος, and to λεκροί (s. Λοκροί) seems very probable, but as with so many of these adj. the exact formation cannot be determined; the o -vowel speaks for a nominal basis. Further connections are not very clear, e.g. the supposed relation with λέκος, λεκάνη `trough, dish', Lat. lanx (mean.!). Semantically closer comes Lat. licinus `upside bent'; quite hypothetical the Gaul. PN Lexovii, Lixovii; from Celtic one adduces Welsh llechwedd `declivity, slope'. Further there are expressions for elbow, arm and other (crooked) body-parts with initial vowel, e.g. Lith. alkúne `elbow', Russ. lókotь `el(bow)' (PSlav. * olkъt-), Arm. olok` `shin-bone'. - If one cuts off the k and adds (without motivation) ei (IE el-ei-, l-ei- `bend') one is helpless lost "in the etymological marsh", s. WP. 1, 156ff., Pok. 307ff., W.-Hofmann s. lacertus, lanx, valgus. So nothing remotely probable.

Page in Frisk: 2,136-137

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λοξός
7 perder

v.

1 to lose (dinero, objeto, amigo).

Ella pierde She loses.

Ella pierde su cartera She loses her purse.

Ella perdió la oportunidad She lost the opportunity.

2 to lose (salir derrotado).

no te pelees con él, que llevas las de perder don't get into a fight with him, you're bound to lose

3 to waste.

no pierdas el tiempo con o en tonterías don't waste your time on nonsense like that

no hay tiempo que perder there's no time to lose

4 to miss (tren, vuelo).

Ella perdió el bus She missed the bus.

5 to be the ruin of.

le pierde su pasión por el juego his passion for gambling is ruining him

6 to lose, to leak (tener un escape de) (agua).

ese camión va perdiendo aceite this lorry is losing o leaking oil

7 to go downhill.

* * *

perder

Conjugation model [ ENTENDER], like link=entender entender

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to lose

■ he perdido el bolígrafo I've lost my pen

2 (malgastar, desperdiciar) to waste

■ se pasa el día perdiendo el tiempo he's always wasting time

3 (tren etc) to miss

4 (ser causa de daños) to be the ruin of

■ le perdió su afición al juego gambling was his downfall

► verbo intransitivo

1 (gen) to lose; (salir perdiendo) to lose out

2 (empeorar) to get worse

■ esta ciudad ha perdido mucho, ya no es lo que era this city has gone downhill, it isn't what it used to be

► verbo pronominal perderse

1 (extraviarse - persona) to get lost; (- animal) to go missing

■ se me ha perdido un pendiente I've lost an earring

2 (confundirse) to get confused, get mixed up

■ en cuanto hablan de política me pierdo when they talk about politics I get lost

3 (desaparecer) to disappear, take off

■ en cuanto ve problemas, se pierde as soon as there's a problem, he disappears

4 (dejar escapar) to miss

■ ¡no te lo pierdas! don't miss it!

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

echar a perder to spoil

perder agua to leak

perder color to fade

perder de vista to lose sight of

perderse por algo/alguien familiar to give up everything for somebody/something

perdérselo familiar

■ tú te lo pierdes it's your loss

salir perdiendo to come off worse, lose out

tener buen perder to be a good loser

tener mal perder to be a bad loser

¡piérdete! familiar get lost!

* * *

verb

1) to lose

2) miss

3) waste

•

- perderse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ objeto, dinero, peso] to lose

he perdido el monedero — I've lost my purse

a los seis años perdió a su padre — she lost her father when she was six

he perdido cinco kilos — I've lost five kilos

había perdido mucha sangre — she had lost a lot of blood

ha perdido mucho dinero en la bolsa — she has lost a lot of money on the stock market

no tienes nada que perder — you have nothing to lose

• perder el conocimiento — to lose consciousness

• perder la costumbre — to get out of the habit

• perder algo de vista — to lose sight of sth

nunca pierde de vista el fin que persigue — he never loses sight of his goal

no lo pierdas de vista — don't let him out of your sight

conviene no perder de vista que... — we mustn't forget that..., we mustn't lose sight of the fact that...

2) [+ tiempo] to waste

¡me estás haciendo perder el tiempo! — you're wasting my time!

sin perder un momento — without wasting a moment

3) [+ aire, aceite] to leak

el vehículo pierde aceite — the car is leaking oil, the car has an oil leak

la pelota perdió aire — the ball went flat

4) (=no coger) [+ tren, avión] to miss; [+ oportunidad] to miss, lose

no pierde detalle — he doesn't miss a thing

5) (=destruir) to ruin

ese vicio le perderá — that vice will ruin him, that vice will be his ruin

ese error le perdió — that mistake was his undoing

lo que le pierde es... — where he comes unstuck is...

6) (Jur) to lose, forfeit

2. VI

1) [en competición, disputa] to lose

el equipo perdió por 5-2 — the team lost 5-2

• tienen o llevan todas las de perder — they look certain to lose

• saber perder — to be a good loser

• salir perdiendo, salí perdiendo en el negocio — I lost out on the deal

salí perdiendo en la discusión — I came off worst in the argument

2) (=empeorar)

era un buen cantante, pero ha perdido mucho — he was a good singer, but he's gone downhill

era muy guapo, pero ha perdido bastante — he isn't nearly as good-looking as he used to be

ha perdido mucho en mi estimación — he has gone down a lot in my estimation

3) [tela] to fade

4)

• echar a perder — [+ comida, sorpresa] to ruin, spoil; [+ oportunidad] to waste

• echarse a perder — [comida] to go off; [sorpresa] to be ruined, be spoiled

3.

See:

perderse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( extraviar) <llaves/documento/guante> to lose

b) <señal/imagen/contacto> to lose

2) ( ser la ruina de)

lo perdió la curiosidad — his curiosity was his undoing o his downfall

3)

a) <dinero/propiedad/cosecha> to lose

con preguntar no se pierde nada — we've/you've nothing to lose by asking, there's no harm in asking

más se perdió en la guerra — (fr hecha) it's not the end of the world

b) <derecho/trabajo> to lose

c) <brazo/sangre/vista> to lose

el susto le hizo perder el habla — the fright rendered him speechless

perder la vida — to lose one's life, to perish; cabeza, vista II, III

d) <hijo/marido> to lose

4)

a) <interés/entusiasmo/paciencia> to lose

no hay que perder el ánimo — you mustn't lose heart

yo no pierdo las esperanzas — I'm not giving up hope

llegas tarde, para no perder la costumbre — (iró) you're late, just for a change (iro)

perder la práctica/la costumbre — to get out of practice/the habit

tienes que perderles el miedo a los aviones — you have to get over o to overcome your fear of flying

perder el equilibrio — to lose one's balance

perder el conocimiento — to lose consciousness, to pass out

b) <fuerza/intensidad/calor/altura> to lose

perder el ritmo — (Mús) to lose the beat; ( en trabajo) to get out of the rhythm

c) <peso/kilos> to lose

5)

a) <autobús/tren/avión> to miss

b) <ocasión/oportunidad> to miss

sin perder detalle — without missing any detail

c) < tiempo> to waste

no me hagas perder (el) tiempo! — don't waste my time!

no hay tiempo que perder — there's no time to lose

no pierdas (el) tiempo intentándolo — don't waste your time trying

llámalo sin perder un minuto — call him immediately

perdimos dos días por lo de la huelga — we lost two days because of the strike

6)

a) <guerra/pleito/partido> to lose

b) <curso/año> to fail; < examen> (Ur) to fail

7) <agua/aceite/aire> to lose
2.
perder vi

1) ( ser derrotado) to lose

no sabes perder — you're a bad loser

perdieron 3 a 1 — they lost 3-1

llevar las de perder — to be onto a loser

la que sale perdiendo soy yo — I'm the one who loses out o comes off worst

2)

a) cafetera/tanque to leak

b) (RPl) color ( aclararse) to fade

3)

echar(se) a perder — ver echar I 1) a), echarse I 1) a)
3.
perderse v pron

1)

a) ( extraviarse) persona/objeto to get lost; (+ me/te/le etc)

se le perdió el dinero — he's lost the money

que no se te pierda — don't lose it

¿y a tí que se te ha perdido por allí? — whatever possessed you to go there

no hay por dónde perderse — (Chi fam) there's no question about it

b) ( desaparecer) to disappear

se perdió entre la muchedumbre — she disappeared into the crowd

c) (en tema, conversación)

cuando se ponen a hablar rápido me pierdo — when they start talking quickly I get lost

las cifras son tan enormes que uno se pierde — the figures are so huge that they start to lose all meaning

empieza otra vez, ya me perdí — start again, you've lost me already

d) ( en espacio)

los sillones se pierden en ese salón — the armchairs are rather lost in the sitting room

2) <fiesta/película/espectáculo> to miss

no te perdiste nada — you didn't miss anything

3) persona

a) ( acabar mal) to get into trouble, lose one's way (liter)

b) (Per fam) ( prostituirse) to go on the streets (colloq)

* * *

= lose, misplace, forfeit, mislay, lose out, miss, suffer + loss.

Ex. One of the hardest tasks of a curator is to make a precis of the information about a particular object without losing any essential information.

Ex. This article discusses the common abuses of circulation privileges by a few faculty members: removing books from the library without checking them out; misplacing books after they have been checked out; and failing to return books when needed by others = Este artículo analiza los abusos comunes de los privilegios de préstamo por parte de unos pocos profesores: coger libros de la biblioteca sin sacarlos en préstamo, perder libros tras haberlos sacados en préstamo y no dever libros cuando otros los necesitan.

Ex. In addition, it enables the library to respond to the needs of the new popular culture without forfeiting its traditional cultural purpose.

Ex. Workflow systems automate business processes, such as the management of a housing benefit claim, to ensure all tasks are completed on time and no information can be lost or mislaid.

Ex. Libraries, in the crush to pay journal invoices, are losing out, as other services as well as staffing and pay all end up unfunded = Las bibliotecas, ante la presión de tener que pagar las facturas de las revistas, salen perdiendo ya que otros servicios así como el personal y los salarios terminanan todos con insuficientes fondos.

Ex. Thus the browser may miss valuable items, although some browsers will find browsing a perfectly adequate method of gauging the extent of a library collection.

Ex. They played their third game of the season today and suffered another loss but the team continues to improve.

----

* echar a perder = ruin, bungle, bring out + the worst in, cast + a blight on, blight, go off.

* echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.

* echar + Posesivo + planes a perder = upset + Posesivo + plans.

* ganar cuando todo parece estar perdido = victory from the jaws of defeat.

* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.

* hacer perder el entusiasmo = dampen + Posesivo + enthusiasm.

* hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.

* hacer perder la agilidad física = stale.

* hacer perder la agilidad mental = stale.

* hacer perder las esperanzas = dampen + Posesivo + hopes.

* hacer que Alguien pierda el empleo = put + Nombre + out of work.

* hacer que pierda el interés = take + the shine off things.

* llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.

* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.

* lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.

* ni ganar ni perder = break + even.

* no perder de vista = keep + an eye on, keep + a beady eye on, keep in + sight.

* no perder el ánimo = keep + Posesivo + chin up.

* no perder el control = stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* no perder el trabajo = stay in + work.

* no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* no perder la calma = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* no perderse = keep on + the right track.

* no perderse en/por = find + Posesivo + way round/through.

* no perderse mucho = be no great loss.

* no perderse nada = be no great loss.

* no tener nada que perder = have + nothing to lose.

* perder agua = lose + water, leak.

* perder Algo = take + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + hands.

* perder confianza = lose + confidence (in).

* perder contacto con la realidad = lose + touch with reality.

* perder control = lose + control (of).

* perder credibilidad = destroy + credence.

* perder de vista = lose from + sight, drop from + sight, lose + sight of.

* perder de vista el hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.

* perder eficacia = lose + clout.

* perder el alma = lose + Posesivo + soul.

* perder el ánimo = lose + heart.

* perder el apetito = lose + Posesivo + appetite.

* perder el atractivo = lose + Posesivo + allure, lose + Posesivo + savour.

* perder el color = fade.

* perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.

* perder el contacto con = lose + touch with.

* perder el control = slip beyond + the grasp of, lose + Posesivo + grip, run + amok, sweep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + feet, go to + pieces, go + wild.

* perder el control de Algo = get out of + hand.

* perder el control de la situación = things + get out of hand.

* perder el culo = go into + raptures.

* perder el encanto = lose + Posesivo + allure, lose + Posesivo + savour, lose + Posesivo + shine.

* perder el entusiasmo = lose + heart.

* perder el equilibrio = lose + Posesivo + balance.

* perder el favor de = lose + popularity with.

* perder el hábito = lose + the habit.

* perder el hilo = lose + the plot, lose + the thread.

* perder el interés = pall.

* perder el juicio = lose + Posesivo + sanity.

* perder el norte = be off course, fly off + course.

* perder el pie = lose + Posesivo + footing.

* perder el rumbo = be off course, fly off + course.

* perder el sentido = faint, lose + Posesivo + senses, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* perder el sentido del humor = lose + sense of humour.

* perder el sueño por = lose + sleep over/on.

* perder el tiempo = dawdle, mess around, pissing into the wind, mess about, faff (about/around), pootle, sit + idle, muck around/about, piddle around.

* perder el tiempo, hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = piddle around.

* perder el valor = lose + Posesivo + nerve.

* perder entusiasmo = lose + enthusiasm.

* perder esperanza = lose + hope.

* perder fuerza = lose + power, lose + steam.

* perder gas = lose + steam.

* perder hasta la camisa = lose + Posesivo + shirt.

* perder ímpetu = lose + momentum, run out of + steam, lose + impetus.

* perder influencia = lose + clout.

* perder interés = lapse, lose + interest.

* perder la cabeza = lose + Posesivo + mind, lose + Posesivo + head, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, fly off + the handle, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go + soft in the head.

* perder la calma = blow + a fuse.

* perder la chaveta = go + bonkers, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go + berserk, go + postal, go + haywire.

* perder la chaveta por = have + a crush on.

* perder la compostura = lose + Posesivo + balance, break down + in disarray.

* perder la conciencia = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* perder la cordura = lose + Posesivo + sanity.

* perder la credibilidad = lose + face.

* perder la cuenta (de) = lose + count (of).

* perder la esperanza = despair, throw in + the towel, give up + hope, throw in/up + the sponge.

* perder la fe = lose + Posesivo + faith.

* perder la identidad de uno = lose + Posesivo + identity.

* perder la ilusión = lose + heart.

* perder la motivación = lose + motivation.

* perder la noción del tiempo = lose + track of time, lose + all notion of time, lose + all sense of time.

* perder la oportunidad = miss + the boat.

* perder la paciencia = lose + Posesivo + temper.

* perder la pista de = lose + track of.

* perder la presión = depressurise [depressurize, -USA].

* perder la razón = lose + Posesivo + sanity.

* perder las facultades = lose + Posesivo + faculties.

* perder la sincronización = get out of + step.

* perder las riendas = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy.

* perder la timidez con = warm up to.

* perder la vida = lose + Posesivo + life.

* perder la virginidad = lose + Posesivo + virginity.

* perder la visión = lose + Posesivo + sight.

* perder la vista = become + blind.

* perder la voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* perder los estribos = lose + Posesivo + cool, fly off + the handle, lose + Posesivo + head, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* perder los nervios = lose + Posesivo + cool, fly off + the handle, lose + Posesivo + head.

* perder los papeles = lose + control (of), lose + Posesivo + cool, lose + Posesivo + head, fly off + the handle, freak out, flip out.

* perder nota = lose + marks.

* perder para siempre = lose to + posterity.

* perder peso = lose + weight.

* perder poder = lose + power.

* perder prestigio = lose + face.

* perder propiedades = lose + property.

* perder protagonismo = fade into + the background.

* perderse = go astray, get + lost, lose + Posesivo + way, go + missing, miss out on, slip through + the cracks, get out of + Posesivo + depth, wander off + route, disorient, disorientate, wander off + track, lose + Posesivo + bearings.

* perderse entre el gentío = lose + Reflexivo + amid the crowd.

* perderse entre la muchedumbre = lose + Reflexivo + amid the crowd.

* perderse entre la multitud = lose + Reflexivo + amid the crowd.

* perder sentido = lose + purpose.

* perderse por = wander through.

* perderse por los caminos secundarios = go + off-road.

* perderse una clase = miss + class.

* perder terreno = lose + ground.

* perder tiempo = waste + time, lose + time.

* perder (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.

* perder una batalla = lose + battle.

* perder una guerra = lose + war.

* perder un amigo = lose + a friend.

* perder una oportunidad = miss + opportunity, lose + opportunity, miss + chance, waste + opportunity.

* perder una venta = lose + sale.

* perder una votación = outvote.

* perder un objeto personal = lose + property.

* perder un partido = lose + match.

* perder valor = lose + Posesivo + value.

* perder ventas = lose + sales.

* perder vigor = run out of + steam, lose + steam.

* perder vitalidad = run out of + steam.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.

* que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* salir perdiendo = victimise [victimize, -USA], come off + worst, lose out, compare + unfavourably, lose + neck, be a little worse off.

* salir sin ganar ni perder = break + even.

* se pierda o se gane = win or lose.

* sin perder de vista = with an eye on.

* sin perder un (solo) minuto = without a moment wasted, without a wasted moment, without a minute wasted, without a wasted minute.

* sin tiempo que perder = without a minute to spare.

* tener todas las de perder = fight + a losing battle.

* un arte que se está perdiendo = a dying art.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) ( extraviar) <llaves/documento/guante> to lose

b) <señal/imagen/contacto> to lose

2) ( ser la ruina de)

lo perdió la curiosidad — his curiosity was his undoing o his downfall

3)

a) <dinero/propiedad/cosecha> to lose

con preguntar no se pierde nada — we've/you've nothing to lose by asking, there's no harm in asking

más se perdió en la guerra — (fr hecha) it's not the end of the world

b) <derecho/trabajo> to lose

c) <brazo/sangre/vista> to lose

el susto le hizo perder el habla — the fright rendered him speechless

perder la vida — to lose one's life, to perish; cabeza, vista II, III

d) <hijo/marido> to lose

4)

a) <interés/entusiasmo/paciencia> to lose

no hay que perder el ánimo — you mustn't lose heart

yo no pierdo las esperanzas — I'm not giving up hope

llegas tarde, para no perder la costumbre — (iró) you're late, just for a change (iro)

perder la práctica/la costumbre — to get out of practice/the habit

tienes que perderles el miedo a los aviones — you have to get over o to overcome your fear of flying

perder el equilibrio — to lose one's balance

perder el conocimiento — to lose consciousness, to pass out

b) <fuerza/intensidad/calor/altura> to lose

perder el ritmo — (Mús) to lose the beat; ( en trabajo) to get out of the rhythm

c) <peso/kilos> to lose

5)

a) <autobús/tren/avión> to miss

b) <ocasión/oportunidad> to miss

sin perder detalle — without missing any detail

c) < tiempo> to waste

no me hagas perder (el) tiempo! — don't waste my time!

no hay tiempo que perder — there's no time to lose

no pierdas (el) tiempo intentándolo — don't waste your time trying

llámalo sin perder un minuto — call him immediately

perdimos dos días por lo de la huelga — we lost two days because of the strike

6)

a) <guerra/pleito/partido> to lose

b) <curso/año> to fail; < examen> (Ur) to fail

7) <agua/aceite/aire> to lose
2.
perder vi

1) ( ser derrotado) to lose

no sabes perder — you're a bad loser

perdieron 3 a 1 — they lost 3-1

llevar las de perder — to be onto a loser

la que sale perdiendo soy yo — I'm the one who loses out o comes off worst

2)

a) cafetera/tanque to leak

b) (RPl) color ( aclararse) to fade

3)

echar(se) a perder — ver echar I 1) a), echarse I 1) a)
3.
perderse v pron

1)

a) ( extraviarse) persona/objeto to get lost; (+ me/te/le etc)

se le perdió el dinero — he's lost the money

que no se te pierda — don't lose it

¿y a tí que se te ha perdido por allí? — whatever possessed you to go there

no hay por dónde perderse — (Chi fam) there's no question about it

b) ( desaparecer) to disappear

se perdió entre la muchedumbre — she disappeared into the crowd

c) (en tema, conversación)

cuando se ponen a hablar rápido me pierdo — when they start talking quickly I get lost

las cifras son tan enormes que uno se pierde — the figures are so huge that they start to lose all meaning

empieza otra vez, ya me perdí — start again, you've lost me already

d) ( en espacio)

los sillones se pierden en ese salón — the armchairs are rather lost in the sitting room

2) <fiesta/película/espectáculo> to miss

no te perdiste nada — you didn't miss anything

3) persona

a) ( acabar mal) to get into trouble, lose one's way (liter)

b) (Per fam) ( prostituirse) to go on the streets (colloq)

* * *

= lose, misplace, forfeit, mislay, lose out, miss, suffer + loss.

Ex: One of the hardest tasks of a curator is to make a precis of the information about a particular object without losing any essential information.

Ex: This article discusses the common abuses of circulation privileges by a few faculty members: removing books from the library without checking them out; misplacing books after they have been checked out; and failing to return books when needed by others = Este artículo analiza los abusos comunes de los privilegios de préstamo por parte de unos pocos profesores: coger libros de la biblioteca sin sacarlos en préstamo, perder libros tras haberlos sacados en préstamo y no dever libros cuando otros los necesitan.

Ex: In addition, it enables the library to respond to the needs of the new popular culture without forfeiting its traditional cultural purpose.

Ex: Workflow systems automate business processes, such as the management of a housing benefit claim, to ensure all tasks are completed on time and no information can be lost or mislaid.

Ex: Libraries, in the crush to pay journal invoices, are losing out, as other services as well as staffing and pay all end up unfunded = Las bibliotecas, ante la presión de tener que pagar las facturas de las revistas, salen perdiendo ya que otros servicios así como el personal y los salarios terminanan todos con insuficientes fondos.

Ex: Thus the browser may miss valuable items, although some browsers will find browsing a perfectly adequate method of gauging the extent of a library collection.

Ex: They played their third game of the season today and suffered another loss but the team continues to improve.

* echar a perder = ruin, bungle, bring out + the worst in, cast + a blight on, blight, go off.

* echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.

* echar + Posesivo + planes a perder = upset + Posesivo + plans.

* ganar cuando todo parece estar perdido = victory from the jaws of defeat.

* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.

* hacer perder el entusiasmo = dampen + Posesivo + enthusiasm.

* hacer perder el sentido a = make + nonsense of.

* hacer perder la agilidad física = stale.

* hacer perder la agilidad mental = stale.

* hacer perder las esperanzas = dampen + Posesivo + hopes.

* hacer que Alguien pierda el empleo = put + Nombre + out of work.

* hacer que pierda el interés = take + the shine off things.

* llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.

* lo que se gana por un lado se pierde por otro = swings and roundabouts.

* lo que se pierda en una cosa se gana en la otra = what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.

* ni ganar ni perder = break + even.

* no perder de vista = keep + an eye on, keep + a beady eye on, keep in + sight.

* no perder el ánimo = keep + Posesivo + chin up.

* no perder el control = stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* no perder el trabajo = stay in + work.

* no perder la cabeza = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* no perder la calma = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* no perderse = keep on + the right track.

* no perderse en/por = find + Posesivo + way round/through.

* no perderse mucho = be no great loss.

* no perderse nada = be no great loss.

* no tener nada que perder = have + nothing to lose.

* perder agua = lose + water, leak.

* perder Algo = take + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + hands.

* perder confianza = lose + confidence (in).

* perder contacto con la realidad = lose + touch with reality.

* perder control = lose + control (of).

* perder credibilidad = destroy + credence.

* perder de vista = lose from + sight, drop from + sight, lose + sight of.

* perder de vista el hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.

* perder eficacia = lose + clout.

* perder el alma = lose + Posesivo + soul.

* perder el ánimo = lose + heart.

* perder el apetito = lose + Posesivo + appetite.

* perder el atractivo = lose + Posesivo + allure, lose + Posesivo + savour.

* perder el color = fade.

* perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.

* perder el contacto con = lose + touch with.

* perder el control = slip beyond + the grasp of, lose + Posesivo + grip, run + amok, sweep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + feet, go to + pieces, go + wild.

* perder el control de Algo = get out of + hand.

* perder el control de la situación = things + get out of hand.

* perder el culo = go into + raptures.

* perder el encanto = lose + Posesivo + allure, lose + Posesivo + savour, lose + Posesivo + shine.

* perder el entusiasmo = lose + heart.

* perder el equilibrio = lose + Posesivo + balance.

* perder el favor de = lose + popularity with.

* perder el hábito = lose + the habit.

* perder el hilo = lose + the plot, lose + the thread.

* perder el interés = pall.

* perder el juicio = lose + Posesivo + sanity.

* perder el norte = be off course, fly off + course.

* perder el pie = lose + Posesivo + footing.

* perder el rumbo = be off course, fly off + course.

* perder el sentido = faint, lose + Posesivo + senses, lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* perder el sentido del humor = lose + sense of humour.

* perder el sueño por = lose + sleep over/on.

* perder el tiempo = dawdle, mess around, pissing into the wind, mess about, faff (about/around), pootle, sit + idle, muck around/about, piddle around.

* perder el tiempo, hacer esto y aquello de un modo relajado = piddle around.

* perder el valor = lose + Posesivo + nerve.

* perder entusiasmo = lose + enthusiasm.

* perder esperanza = lose + hope.

* perder fuerza = lose + power, lose + steam.

* perder gas = lose + steam.

* perder hasta la camisa = lose + Posesivo + shirt.

* perder ímpetu = lose + momentum, run out of + steam, lose + impetus.

* perder influencia = lose + clout.

* perder interés = lapse, lose + interest.

* perder la cabeza = lose + Posesivo + mind, lose + Posesivo + head, lose + Posesivo + marbles, go + bonkers, fly off + the handle, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go out of + Posesivo + mind, go + soft in the head.

* perder la calma = blow + a fuse.

* perder la chaveta = go + bonkers, go (right) off + Posesivo + rocker, go + berserk, go + postal, go + haywire.

* perder la chaveta por = have + a crush on.

* perder la compostura = lose + Posesivo + balance, break down + in disarray.

* perder la conciencia = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.

* perder la cordura = lose + Posesivo + sanity.

* perder la credibilidad = lose + face.

* perder la cuenta (de) = lose + count (of).

* perder la esperanza = despair, throw in + the towel, give up + hope, throw in/up + the sponge.

* perder la fe = lose + Posesivo + faith.

* perder la identidad de uno = lose + Posesivo + identity.

* perder la ilusión = lose + heart.

* perder la motivación = lose + motivation.

* perder la noción del tiempo = lose + track of time, lose + all notion of time, lose + all sense of time.

* perder la oportunidad = miss + the boat.

* perder la paciencia = lose + Posesivo + temper.

* perder la pista de = lose + track of.

* perder la presión = depressurise [depressurize, -USA].

* perder la razón = lose + Posesivo + sanity.

* perder las facultades = lose + Posesivo + faculties.

* perder la sincronización = get out of + step.

* perder las riendas = go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy.

* perder la timidez con = warm up to.

* perder la vida = lose + Posesivo + life.

* perder la virginidad = lose + Posesivo + virginity.

* perder la visión = lose + Posesivo + sight.

* perder la vista = become + blind.

* perder la voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.

* perder los estribos = lose + Posesivo + cool, fly off + the handle, lose + Posesivo + head, go + berserk, go + postal, go + crazy, lose + Posesivo + temper.

* perder los nervios = lose + Posesivo + cool, fly off + the handle, lose + Posesivo + head.

* perder los papeles = lose + control (of), lose + Posesivo + cool, lose + Posesivo + head, fly off + the handle, freak out, flip out.

* perder nota = lose + marks.

* perder para siempre = lose to + posterity.

* perder peso = lose + weight.

* perder poder = lose + power.

* perder prestigio = lose + face.

* perder propiedades = lose + property.

* perder protagonismo = fade into + the background.

* perderse = go astray, get + lost, lose + Posesivo + way, go + missing, miss out on, slip through + the cracks, get out of + Posesivo + depth, wander off + route, disorient, disorientate, wander off + track, lose + Posesivo + bearings.

* perderse entre el gentío = lose + Reflexivo + amid the crowd.

* perderse entre la muchedumbre = lose + Reflexivo + amid the crowd.

* perderse entre la multitud = lose + Reflexivo + amid the crowd.

* perder sentido = lose + purpose.

* perderse por = wander through.

* perderse por los caminos secundarios = go + off-road.

* perderse una clase = miss + class.

* perder terreno = lose + ground.

* perder tiempo = waste + time, lose + time.

* perder (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.

* perder una batalla = lose + battle.

* perder una guerra = lose + war.

* perder un amigo = lose + a friend.

* perder una oportunidad = miss + opportunity, lose + opportunity, miss + chance, waste + opportunity.

* perder una venta = lose + sale.

* perder una votación = outvote.

* perder un objeto personal = lose + property.

* perder un partido = lose + match.

* perder valor = lose + Posesivo + value.

* perder ventas = lose + sales.

* perder vigor = run out of + steam, lose + steam.

* perder vitalidad = run out of + steam.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.

* que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].

* salir perdiendo = victimise [victimize, -USA], come off + worst, lose out, compare + unfavourably, lose + neck, be a little worse off.

* salir sin ganar ni perder = break + even.

* se pierda o se gane = win or lose.

* sin perder de vista = with an eye on.

* sin perder un (solo) minuto = without a moment wasted, without a wasted moment, without a minute wasted, without a wasted minute.

* sin tiempo que perder = without a minute to spare.

* tener todas las de perder = fight + a losing battle.

* un arte que se está perdiendo = a dying art.

* * *

perder [E8 ]

vt

A

1 (extraviar) ‹llaves/documento/guante› to lose

he perdido su dirección I've lost her address

perdió las tijeras y se pasó una hora buscándolas she mislaid o lost the scissors and spent an hour looking for them

me perdiste la página you lost my place o page

perdí a mi marido en la muchedumbre I lost my husband in the crowd

no pierdas de vista al niño don't let the child out of your sight

hilo

2 ‹señal/imagen/contacto› to lose

hemos perdido el contacto con el avión we've lost contact with the plane

B

(ser la ruina de): lo perdió la curiosidad his curiosity was his undoing o his downfall

C

1 ‹dinero/propiedad/cosecha› to lose

perdió mil pesos jugando al póker she lost a thousand pesos playing poker

perdió una fortuna en ese negocio he lost a fortune in o on that deal

con preguntar no se pierde nada we've/you've nothing to lose by asking, there's no harm in asking, we/you can but ask

más se perdió en la guerra ( fr hecha); things could be worse!, worse things happen at sea, it's not the end of the world

terreno² (↑ terreno (2))

2 ‹derecho/trabajo› to lose

si te vas pierdes el lugar en la cola if you go away you lose your place in the line ( AmE) o ( BrE) queue

3 ‹ojo/brazo› to lose; ‹vista/oído› to lose

ha perdido mucho peso/mucha sangre she's lost a lot of weight/blood

el susto le hizo perder el habla the fright rendered him speechless

perder la vida to lose one's life, to perish

cabeza

4 ‹hijo/marido› to lose

perder un niño or un bebé (en el embarazo) to lose a baby, to have a miscarriage

D

1 ‹interés/entusiasmo› to lose; ‹paciencia› to lose

no hay que perder el ánimo you mustn't lose heart

yo no pierdo las esperanzas I'm not giving up hope

he perdido la costumbre de levantarme temprano I've got(ten) out of o I've lost the habit of getting up early

llegas tarde, para no perder la costumbre ( iró); you're late, just for a change ( iro)

trata de no perder la práctica try not to get out of practice

tienes que perderles el miedo a los aviones you have to get over o to overcome your fear of flying

perder el equilibrio to lose one's balance

perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness, to pass out

2 ‹fuerza/intensidad/calor› to lose

el avión empezó a perder altura the plane began to lose height

perder el ritmo ( Mús) to lose the beat

estás trabajando muy bien, no pierdas el ritmo you're working well, keep it up!

3 ‹peso/kilos› to lose

E

1 ‹autobús/tren/avión› to miss

2 ‹ocasión› to miss

sería tonto perder esta estupenda oportunidad it would be stupid to miss o to pass up this marvelous opportunity

no pierde oportunidad de recordarnos cuánto le debemos he never misses a chance to remind us how much we owe him

3 ‹tiempo›

¡no me hagas perder (el) tiempo! don't waste my time!

no hay tiempo que perder there's no time to lose

no pierdas (el) tiempo, no lo vas a convencer don't waste your time, you're not going to convince him

llámalo sin perder un minuto call him immediately

perdimos dos días por lo de la huelga we lost two days because of the strike

F

1 ‹guerra/pleito› to lose; ‹partido› to lose

2 ‹curso/año› to fail

perder un examen (Ur); to fail an exam

G ‹agua/aceite/aire› to lose

el coche pierde aceite the car has an oil leak o is losing oil

el globo perdía aire air was escaping from the balloon

■ perder

vi

A (ser derrotado) to lose

perdimos por un punto we lost by one point

no sabes perder you're a bad loser

no discutas con él porque llevas las de perder don't argue with him because you'll lose

la que sale perdiendo soy yo I lose out o come off worst

B

1 ( RPl) «cafetera/tanque» to leak

2 «color» (aclararse) to fade; (tiñiendo otras prendas) to run

C

echar(se) a perder ver echar vt Sense I A 1. (↑ echar), echar v pron Sense I A 1. (↑ echar)

■ perderse

v pron

A

1 (extraviarse) «persona/objeto» to get lost

siempre me pierdo en esta ciudad I always get lost in this town

no te pierdas, llámanos de vez en cuando don't lose touch, call us now and then

(+ me/te/le etc): se le perdió el dinero he's lost the money

guárdalo bien para que no se te pierda keep it safe so you don't lose it

no hay por dónde perderse ( Chi fam); there's no question about it

2 (desaparecer) to disappear

se perdió entre la muchedumbre she disappeared into the crowd

3

(en un tema, una conversación): cuando se ponen a hablar rápido me pierdo when they start talking quickly I get lost

me distraje un momento y me perdí my attention wandered for a moment and I lost the thread

las cifras son tan enormes que uno se pierde the figures are so huge that they start to lose all meaning

empieza otra vez, ya me perdí start again, you've lost me already

4

(en una prenda, un espacio): te pierdes en ese vestido you look lost in that dress

los sillones quedan perdidos en ese salón tan grande the armchairs are rather lost in such a big sitting room

B ‹fiesta/película/espectáculo› to miss

no te perdiste nada you didn't miss anything

te perdiste una excelente oportunidad de callarte la boca ( hum); you could have kept your big mouth shut ( colloq)

C «persona»

1 (acabar mal) to get into trouble, lose one's way ( liter)

2 ( Per fam) (prostituirse) to go on the streets o the game ( colloq)

* * *

perder ( conjugate perder) verbo transitivo
1 ( en general) to lose;
◊ perdí el pasaporte I lost my passport;

quiere perder peso he wants to lose weight;
con preguntar no se pierde nada we've/you've nothing to lose by asking;
perder la vida to lose one's life, to perish;
See also→ cabeza 1 e, vista 2 3;
yo no pierdo las esperanzas I'm not giving up hope;
perder la práctica to get out of practice;
perder el equilibrio to lose one's balance;
perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness, to pass out;
perder el ritmo (Mús) to lose the beat;

( en trabajo) to get out of the rhythm
2
a) ‹autobús/tren/avión› to miss

b) ‹ocasión/oportunidad› to miss;

◊ sin perder detalle without missing any detail

c) ‹ tiempo› to waste;

◊ ¡no me hagas perder (el) tiempo! don't waste my time!;

no hay tiempo que perder there's no time to lose
3
a) ‹guerra/pleito/partido› to lose

b) ‹curso/año› to fail;

‹ examen› (Ur) to fail
4 ‹agua/aceite/aire› to lose
verbo intransitivo
1 ( ser derrotado) to lose;
◊ perdieron 3 a 1 they lost 3-1;

no sabes perder you're a bad loser;
llevar las de perder to be onto a loser;
la que sale perdiendo soy yo I'm the one who loses out o comes off worst
2 [cafetera/tanque] to leak
3
◊ echar(se) a perder ver echar I 1a, echarse 1a

perderse verbo pronominal
1 [persona/objeto] to get lost;
◊ siempre me pierdo en esta ciudad I always get lost in this town;

se le perdió el dinero he's lost the money;
cuando se ponen a hablar rápido me pierdo when they start talking quickly I get lost
2 ‹fiesta/película/espectáculo› to miss
perder
I verbo transitivo
1 (un objeto) to lose
2 (un medio de transporte) to miss
3 (el tiempo) to waste
4 (oportunidad) to miss ➣ Ver nota en miss
5 (cualidad, costumbre, sentido) to lose: tienes que perder tus miedos, you have to overcome your fears
6 (agua, aceite) to leak
II verbo intransitivo
1 (disminuir una cualidad) to lose
2 (estropear) to ruin, go off
3 (en una competición, batalla) to lose
♦ Locuciones: echar (algo) a perder, to spoil (sthg)
llevar las de perder, to be onto a loser
' perder' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adormecerse
- aflojar
- baño
- borda
- brújula
- cabeza
- cabo
- clarear
- conciencia
- conocimiento
- costumbre
- cuenta
- declinar
- descuidarse
- desesperarse
- desfallecer
- desgracia
- desinflarse
- desnaturalizar
- despedirse
- despintar
- despistar
- destinada
- destinado
- desvanecerse
- deteriorarse
- distraerse
- don
- enloquecer
- estribo
- facultad
- flaquear
- granizada
- hilo
- infortunio
- innecesaria
- innecesario
- interés
- joderse
- juicio
- llevar
- norte
- papel
- pasarse
- peso
- razón
- resbalar
- rumbo
- saber
- sentida
English:
avoid
- balance
- black out
- blow
- boat
- bound
- break
- bungle
- cool
- course
- crush
- danger
- dawdle
- decline
- dignity
- dilly-dally
- erode
- even
- face
- fade
- fiddle around
- flag
- footing
- forfeit
- freak out
- gamble away
- gazump
- ground
- grow out of
- handle
- hang about
- hang around
- heart
- keep
- leak
- lose
- mislay
- miss
- muck about
- muck around
- muck up
- pall
- piece
- pot
- rack
- rag
- reason
- rise
- risk
- shape

* * *

perder

♦ vt

1. [extraviar] to lose;

he perdido el paraguas I've lost my umbrella

2. [dejar de tener] [dinero, amigo, empleo, interés] to lose;

he perdido el contacto con ellos I've lost touch with them;

la policía ha perdido la pista o [m5] el rastro de los secuestradores the police have lost track of the kidnappers;

no sé nada de Ana, le he perdido la pista o [m5] el rastro I don't know anything about Ana, I've lost touch with her;

el accidente le hizo perder la visión he lost his sight in the accident;

ya hemos perdido toda esperanza de encontrarlo we've now given up o lost all hope of finding him;

he perdido bastante práctica I'm rather out of practice;

perder el equilibrio/la memoria to lose one's balance/memory;

perder peso to lose weight;

perder el miedo/el respeto a alguien to lose one's fear of/respect for sb;

cientos de personas perdieron la vida hundreds of people lost their lives;

no tienes/tiene/ etc[m5]. nada que perder you have/he has/ etc nothing to lose;

Comp
Esp
más se perdió en Cuba o [m5] en la guerra it's not as bad as all that, it's not the end of the world

3. [ser derrotado en] [batalla, partido, campeonato, elecciones] to lose;

este error podría hacerle perder el partido this mistake could lose her the game

4. [desperdiciar] [tiempo] to waste;
[oportunidad, ocasión] to miss;
no pierdas el tiempo con o [m5] en tonterías don't waste your time on nonsense like that;

he perdido toda la mañana en llamadas de teléfono I've wasted all morning making phone calls;

no pierda la ocasión de ver esta fantástica película don't miss this wonderful movie;

no hay tiempo que perder there's no time to lose

5. [no alcanzar] [tren, vuelo, autobús] to miss

6. [tener un escape de] [agua] to lose, to leak;

la bombona pierde aire air is escaping from the cylinder;

ese camión va perdiendo aceite that truck o Br lorry is losing o leaking oil

7. [perjudicar] to be the ruin of;

le pierde su pasión por el juego his passion for gambling is ruining him

8. Urug [examen] to fail

♦ vi

1. [salir derrotado] to lose;

perder al póquer/billar to lose at poker/billiards;

perdimos (por) dos a cero we lost Br two-nil o US two-zero;

no te pelees con él, que llevas las de perder don't get into a fight with him, you're bound to lose;

sabe/no sabe perder he's a good/bad loser;

salir perdiendo to lose out, to come off worse

2. [empeorar] to go downhill;

este restaurante ha perdido mucho this restaurant has really gone downhill;

estas alfombras pierden bastante al lavarlas these rugs don't wash very well

3. [tener un escape] [de agua, aceite] to have a leak;

esa bombona pierde that gas cylinder is leaking;

una de las ruedas pierde por la válvula the air's coming out of one of the tyres

4. [en frases]
echar algo a perder to spoil sth;

echarse a perder [alimento] to spoil, Br to go off

♦ See also the pronominal verb perderse

* * *

perder

I v/t

1 objeto lose;

¡piérdete! get lost!;

no te lo pierdas película, acontecimiento don’t miss it;

no tener nada que perder have nothing to lose

2 tren, avión etc miss

3 el tiempo waste

II v/i lose;

echar a perder ruin;

echarse a perder de alimento go bad;

llevar o

tener las de perder be at a disadvantage;

salir perdiendo come off worst

* * *

perder {56} vt

1) : to lose

2) : to miss

perdimos la oportunidad: we missed the opportunity

3) : to waste (time)

perder vi

: to lose

♦ See also the reflexive verb perderse

* * *

perder vb

1. (en general) to lose [pt. & pp. lost]

he perdido las llaves I've lost my keys

deberías perder peso you should lose weight

2. (tren, avión, oportunidad, etc) to miss

he perdido el autobús I've missed the bus

3. (tiempo) to waste

estás perdiendo el tiempo you're wasting your time

4. (líquido, gas) to leak

la caldera pierde agua the boiler is leaking

echar a perder algo to ruin something / to spoil something

echarse a perder to go off / to go bad

Spanish-English dictionary > perder
8 estar

v.

1 to be.

estamos a veinte grados (expresa valores, grados) it's twenty degrees here

el dólar está a 10 pesos the dollar is at 10 pesos

están a dos euros el kilo they're two euros a kilo

está terminado it's finished

2 to be.

¿dónde está la llave? where is the key?

¿está María? — no, no está is Maria there? — no, she's not here

Ella estuvo aburrida She was bored.

El edificio está en la calle tres The building is on third street.

3 to be (expresa cualidad, estado).

los pasteles están ricos the cakes are delicious

esta calle está sucia this street is dirty

4 to be (expresa estado).

estar de mudanza to be (in the process of) moving

estamos de suerte we're in luck

estar de vacaciones to be on holiday

estar de viaje to be on a trip

estar en uso to be in use

estar en guardia to be on guard

estamos sin agua we have no water, we're without water

5 to be.

están golpeando la puerta they're banging on the door

6 to stay, to be.

estaré un par de horas y me iré I'll stay a couple of hours and then I'll go

7 to be ready (hallarse listo).

¿aún no está ese trabajo? is that piece of work still not ready?

8 to be for.

Me estuvo difícil el examen The exam was difficult for me.

* * *

ESTAR

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están.

Imperfect Indicative

estaba, estabas, estaba, estábamos, estabais, estaban.

Past Indicative

estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron.

Future Indicative

estaré, estarás, estará, estaremos, estaréis, estarán.

Conditional

estaría, estarías, estaría, estaríamos, estaríais, estarían.

Present Subjunctive

esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén.

Imperfect Subjunctive

estuviera, estuvieras, estuviera, estuviéramos, estuvierais, estuvieran;

estuviese, estuvieses, estuviese, estuviésemos, estuvieseis, estuviesen.

Future Subjunctive

estuviere, estuvieres, estuviere, estuviéremos, estuviereis, estuvieren.

Imperative

está (tú), esté (él/Vd.), estemos (nos.), estad (vos.), estén (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

to be

- estar en contra
- estarse
* * *
Para las expresiones estar bien, estar mal, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) [indicando situación] to be

¿dónde estabas? — where were you?

la última vez que estuve en Roma — the last time I was in Rome

Madrid está en el centro de España — Madrid is in the centre of Spain

el monumento está en la plaza — the monument is in the square

eso no está en sus declaraciones — that's not in any of his statements

-las tijeras están en el cajón -no, aquí no están — "the scissors are in the drawer" - "no, they're not in here"

-hola, ¿está Carmen? -no, no está — "hello, is Carmen in?" - "no, I'm afraid she isn't"

el día que estuve a verlo — the day I went to see him

• está [fuera] — [de casa] she's out; [de la ciudad/en el extranjero] she's away

• [ya que] estamos — while we are at it

2) [indicando un estado transitorio]

a) + adj, adv to be

está mucho mejor — he's much better

estar enfermo {o} malo — to be ill

estoy muy cansada — I'm very tired

¿estás casado o soltero? — are you married or single?

está vacío — it's empty

estaba herido — he was injured

¿cómo estamos? — [gen] how are we doing?; [a otra persona] how are you?

con este frío, aquí no se puede estar — it's unbearably cold here

¡qué bueno está este café! — this coffee's really good!

mis padres están como siempre — my parents are the same as ever

¿está libre el baño? — is the bathroom free?

¿qué tal {o} cómo estás? — how are you?

el récord anterior estaba en 33 segundos — the previous record was {o} stood at 33 seconds

b) + participio to be

la radio está rota — the radio is broken

para las seis estará terminado — it will be finished by six o'clock

estaba sentada en la arena — she was sitting on the sand

está (embarazada) de dos meses — she's two months pregnant

él no estaba implicado — he wasn't involved

le está bien empleado por ingenuo — it serves him right for being so naïve

c) + gerundio to be

estaba corriendo — he was running

me está molestando — he's annoying me

se está muriendo — she's dying

venga, ya nos estamos yendo, que es tarde — come on, it's time to go, it's late

está siendo preparado — it's being prepared

nos estamos engañando — we're deceiving ourselves

3) (=existir) to be

además están los gastos del viaje — then there are the travel expenses

• [dejar] estar, déjalo estar — just leave him be

si dejas estar ese asunto te irán mejor las cosas — you'll do better to let the matter drop

4) [indicando el aspecto de algo] to look

¡qué elegante estás! — you're looking really smart!

estás más delgado — you've lost weight, you look slimmer

está más viejo — he looks older

el sofá estará mejor al lado de la ventana — the sofa will look better next to the window

ese tío está muy bueno — * that guy's gorgeous *, that guy's a bit of all right *

el traje te está grande — that suit is too big for you

5) (=estar listo) to be ready

estará a las cuatro — it'll be ready at four

en seguida está — it'll be ready in a moment

dos vueltas más y ya está — two more laps and that'll be it

¡ya está! ya sé lo que podemos hacer — that's it! I know what we can do

ya estoy — I'm done, that's me *

¡ya estamos! — [después de hacer algo] that's it!; [dicho con enfado] that's enough!

¿estamos? — [al estar listo] ready?; [para pedir conformidad] are we agreed?, right?, OK? *

¡ya estuvo! — Méx that's it!

6) [indicando fecha, distancia, temperatura]

estamos en octubre — it's October

cuando estemos en verano — when it's summer, in the summer

7) [en estructuras con preposición]
estar a
estamos a 8 de junio — it is 8 June {or} the 8th of June, today is 8 June {o} the 8th of June

estábamos a 40°C — it was 40°C

¿a cuántos estamos? — what's the date?

¿a cuánto estamos de Madrid? — how far are we from Madrid?

las uvas están a 1,60 euros — the grapes are one euro 60 cents

¿a cuánto está el kilo de naranjas? — how much are oranges per kilo?

estoy a lo que se decida en la reunión — I'm waiting to see what's decided at the meeting

estar a lo que resulte — to be waiting to see how things turn out
estar con
está con la gripe — he's down with flu, he's got the flu

estuvo con la enfermedad durante dos años — she had {o} suffered from the disease for two years

ya está otra vez con el mismo tema — he's harping on about the same old subject again

ya estoy con ganas de ir — I want to go now

estoy con ganas de pegarle — I feel like hitting him

• estar con [algn], yo estoy con él — I'm with him

los aliados estaban con ellos — the Allies were behind them
estar de
está de buen humor — he's in a good mood

están de charla — they're having a chat

está de camarero — he's working as a waiter

está de jefe temporalmente — he is acting as boss, he is the acting boss

está de luto — she's in mourning

¡estoy de nervioso! — I'm so nervous!

están de paseo — they've gone for a walk

estaba de uniforme — he was (dressed) in uniform

están de vacaciones — they are on holiday

está de viaje en este momento — he's away at the moment
estar en
en eso está el problema — that's (exactly) where the problem is

el problema está en que... — the problem lies in the fact that...

en ello estamos — we're working on it

no está en él hacerlo — it is not in his power to do it

creo que está usted en un error — I think you're mistaken

no está en sí — she's not in her right mind

yo estoy en que... — (=creer) I believe that...
estar para
para eso estamos — [gen] that's why we're here, that's what we're here for; [respondiendo a gracias] don't mention it

para eso están los amigos — that's what friends are for

• estar para [hacer] algo — (=a punto de) to be about to do sth, be on the point of doing sth

está para salir — he's about to leave

• [no] estoy para bromas — I'm not in the mood for joking

si alguien llama, no estoy para nadie — if anyone calls, I'm not in
estar por (=en favor de) [+ política] to be in favour {o} (EEUU) favor of; [+ persona] to support hueso 1) estar por ({+ infin})
la historia de ese hallazgo está por escribir — the story of that discovery is still to be written {o} has yet to be written

está por ver si es verdad lo que dijeron — it remains to be seen whether what they said is true

está todavía por hacer — it remains to be done, it is still to be done

yo estoy por dejarlo — I'm for leaving it, I'm in favour of leaving it

está por llover — LAm it's going to rain
estar sin ({+ infin})
las camas estaban sin hacer — the beds were unmade, the beds hadn't been made

¿todavía estás sin peinar? — haven't you brushed your hair yet?
estar sobre algn/algo
hay que estar mucho sobre él para que estudie — you have to keep on at him to make sure he studies

hay que estar sobre el arroz para que no se pegue — you need to keep a close eye on the rice to make sure it doesn't stick to the pan

estar sobre sí — to be in control of o.s.

8) [en oraciones ponderativas]

• está [que] rabia — * he's hopping mad *, he's furious

estoy que me caigo de sueño — I'm terribly sleepy, I can't keep my eyes open

2.

See:

estarse

* * *
I 1.
cópula

1) ( seguido de adjetivos) [ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1] to be

qué gordo está! — isn't he fat!, hasn't he got(ten) fat!

pobre abuelo! está viejo — poor grandpa! he's really aged

la sopa está deliciosa/muy caliente — the soup is delicious/very hot

está muy simpático conmigo — he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently)

todo está tan caro! — things are o have become so expensive!

está cansada/furiosa/embarazada — she is tired/furious/pregnant

2) (con bien, mal, mejor, peor)

están todos bien, gracias — they're all fine, thanks

qué bien estás en esta foto! — you look great in this photo!

está mal que no se lo perdones — it's wrong of you not to forgive him; ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor

3) ( hablando de estado civil) to be

está casada con un primo mío — she's married to a cousin of mine

4) ( seguido de participios)

estar sentado/echado/arrodillado — to be sitting/lying/kneeling (down)

estaban abrazados — they had their arms around each other; ver tb verbo auxiliar 2

5) ( con predicado introducido por preposición) to be; (para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente)

estoy a régimen — I'm on a diet

¿a cómo está la uva? — how much are the grapes?

estamos como al principio — we're back to where we started

está con el sarampión — she has (the) measles

siempre está con lo mismo — he's always going on about the same thing

está de buen humor — she's in a good mood

están de limpieza/viaje — they're spring-cleaning/on a trip

hoy estoy de cocinera — I'm doing the cooking today

estaba de secretaria — she worked as a secretary

no estoy para bromas — I'm not in the mood for jokes

estamos sin electricidad — the electricity is off at the moment

está sin pintar — it hasn't been painted yet

estar con alguien — ( estar de acuerdo) to agree with somebody; ( apoyar) to support somebody, be on somebody's side

el pueblo está con nosotros — the people are with us

estar en algo: no lo hemos solucionado pero estamos en ello or eso — we haven't solved it but we're working on it

6) ( introducido por que)

el agua está que pela — the water's scalding hot

está que no hay quien lo aguante — he's (being) unbearable
2.
estar vi

Sentido I

1) ( en un lugar)

edificio/pueblo ( estar ubicado) to be

¿dónde está Chiapas? — where's Chiapas?

está a 20 kilómetros de aquí — it's 20 kilometers from here

2)

a) persona/objeto ( hallarse en cierto momento) to be

¿sabes dónde está Pedro? — do you know where Pedro is?

¿a qué hora tienes que estar allí? — what time do you have to be there?

¿dónde estábamos la clase pasada? — where did we get to in the last class?

b) ( figurar) to be

yo no estaba en la lista — I wasn't on the list, my name didn't appear on the list

3) ( hallarse en determinado lugar)

¿está Rodrigo? — is Rodrigo in?

¿estamos todos? — are we all here?

4)

a) (quedarse, permanecer)

sólo estaré unos días — I'll only be staying a few days

¿cuánto tiempo estarás en Londres? — how long are you going to be in London (for)?

b) ( vivir)

ahora estamos en Soca — we're in o we live in Soca now

de momento estoy con mi hermana — at the moment I'm staying with my sister

Sentido II

5) ( en el tiempo)

¿a qué (día) estamos? — what day is it today?

¿a cuánto estamos hoy? — what's the date today?

estamos a 28 de mayo — it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May

estamos en primavera — it's spring

¿en qué mes estamos? — what month are we in o is it?

Sentido III

6) (existir, haber)

y después está el problema de... — and then there's the problem of...

luego están los niños, hay que pensar en ellos — then there are the children to think about

7) (tener como función, cometido)

estar para algo: para eso están los amigos that's what friends are for; estamos para ayudarlos — we're here to help them

8) ( radicar)

ahí está el quid del asunto — that's the crux of the matter

estar en algo: en eso está el problema that's where the problem lies; todo está en que él quiera — it all depends on whether he wants to or not

9) (estar listo, terminado)

la carne todavía no está — the meat's not ready yet

lo atas con un nudo y ya está — you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are

enseguida estoy — I'll be right with you

ya está! ya sé la repuesta! — I've got it! I know the answer!

ahí está! — that's it!

10) ( quedar entendido)

que no vuelva a suceder ¿estamos? — don't let it happen again, understand? o (colloq) got it?

11)

ya que estamos/estás — while we're/you're at it

12) (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl)

te está grande/pequeña — it's too big/too small for you

la 46 te está mejor — the 46 fits you better
3.
estar v aux

1) ( con gerundio)

está lloviendo — it's raining

se está afeitando — he's shaving

estoy viendo que va a ser imposible — I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible

2) ( con participio)

la foto está tomada con flash — the photo was taken with flash

ese asiento está ocupado — that seat is taken

ya está hecho un hombrecito — he's a proper young man now; ver tb estar cópula 4)
4.
estarse v pron

1) (enf) ( permanecer) to stay

se estuvo horas ahí sentado — he remained sitting there for hours

¿no te puedes estar quieto? — can't you stay o keep still?

estése tranquilo — don't worry

2) (enf) ( llegar) to be

estáte allí media hora antes — be there half an hour before
II
masculino (esp AmL) living room

* * *

= be, become, live with.

Ex. Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.

Ex. Some degree of ignorance of this kind is not unusual since the usual objective in consulting an information source is to become better informed.

Ex. Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.

----

* ¡cómo se nota que no está el jefe! = while the cat's away, the mice will play.

* ahí está el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.

* ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.

* creer que estar bien = feel + right.

* creer que estar mal = feel + wrong.

* dar la señal de estar listo = prompt.

* dejar como + estar = leave + untouched.

* dejar las cosas como están = let + sleeping dogs lie.

* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.

* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.

* esperanza + estar = hope + lie.

* estando de acuerdo = approvingly.

* estando de servicio = while on the job.

* estando sentado = from a seated position.

* estar a años de distancia = be years away.

* estar abierto a = be open to.

* estar abocado a ser = be doomed.

* estar absorto en = be wrapped up in.

* estar aburridísimo = be bored stiff, be bored to death, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.

* estar aburrido como una ostra = be bored stiff.

* estar a caballo entre = stand + midway between, straddle (between).

* estar a caballo entre... y... = lie + midway between... and..., tread + a fine line between... and, tread + the thin line between... and, tread + a delicate line between... and.

* estar acabando con = eat away at.

* estar acabándose = be on the way out, be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estar a + Cantidad + de distancia = Cantidad + distant from.

* estar a cargo de = man, be the responsibility of.

* estar accesible = be up.

* estar accesible en línea = go + online.

* estar accesible en red = go + online.

* estar acertado = be right on track.

* estar acostumbrado a = be familiar with, be no stranger to, be used to.

* estar acostumbrado a + Infinitivo = be accustomed to + Gerundio.

* estar a dos velas = not have a bean.

* estar a + Expresión Numérica + de distancia = be + Número + away.

* estar a favor de = be for, be in favour (of), come down in + favour of.

* estar a favor de una idea = favour + idea.

* estar a favor o en contra = be for or against.

* estar agobiado de = be snowed under with.

* estar agradecido = be thankful.

* estar a la alerta de = be wary of.

* estar a la altura de = live up to, be equal to.

* estar a la altura de la circunstancias = make + the cut.

* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = come up with + the goods.

* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = rise (up) to + challenge.

* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, be equal to the occasion, rise (up) to + the occasion, deliver + the goods, measure up (to), be up to snuff.

* estar a la altura de las expectativas = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.

* estar a la altura de las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.

* estar a la altura de lo que se espera = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.

* estar a la baja = be down.

* estar al acecho = lie in + wait.

* estar a la entera disposición de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + feet.

* estar al alcance de la mano = be at hand.

* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.

* estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.

* estar a la par de = rank with.

* estar a la vuelta de la esquina = be just around the corner.

* estar al borde de = teeter + on the edge of.

* estar al completo = overbook.

* estar al corriente = monitor + developments.

* estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* estar alejado + Expresión Numérica = be + Número + away.

* estar al lado de = stand by + Lugar.

* estar al loro de = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar al máximo = overstretch.

* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.

* estar al tanto = monitor + developments.

* estar al tanto de = be on the lookout for, keep + track of, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* estar a mano = be on hand, be around.

* estar a medio camino entre... y... = lie + midway between... and....

* estar a merced de = be at the mercy of.

* estar ansioso por = be eager to.

* estar ante = be faced with.

* estar apagado = be off.

* estar a punto de = be poised to, be about to, be on the point of, stand + poised, come + very close to.

* estar a punto de cascarlas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estar a punto de decir = be on the tip of + Posesivo + tongue to say.

* estar a punto de + Infinitivo = be about + Infinitivo.

* estar aquí ya = be upon us.

* estar a resultas de = keep + track of.

* estar arraigado en = be rooted in.

* estar arrestado = be under arrest.

* estar arriba = sit on + top.

* estar a salvo = be in safe hands.

* estar asociado a = be associated with, be bound up with.

* estar atado a = hold + hostage to.

* estar atareado = be tied up.

* estar atento a = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar aterrorizado = be petrified of, be frightened to death, be scared stiff, be terrified.

* estar a tope = overstretch.

* estar atrancado = be stuck.

* estar atrasado en el pago = be in arrears.

* estar aumentando = be on the increase.

* estár aún más alejados = be one step further removed.

* estar aún por llegar = be yet to come.

* estar ausente = lack.

* estar ausente de = be absent (from).

* estar avanzado = be well under way.

* estar avergonzado = be ashamed.

* estar averiado = be out of order.

* estar aviado = be (in) a mess.

* estar bajo arresto = be under arrest.

* estar bajo la tutela de = fall under + the auspices of.

* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.

* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.

* estar bien = be okay, be in good shape, be in good health.

* estar bien de salud = be in good health.

* estar bien encaminado = be on the right track.

* estar bien pensado = be carefully thought out.

* estar borracho = be drunk, see + double.

* estar callado = keep + quiet.

* estar cansado de = be sick and tired of.

* estar capacitado para = be qualified to.

* estar casi finalizado = near + completion.

* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.

* estar castigado = be in the doghouse.

* estar cerca = be at hand, be on hand, be around.

* estar cerca de = be close to.

* estar chalado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar chiflado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar chiflado por = have + a crush on.

* estar chupado = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a snap, be a picnic, be duck soup.

* estar clarísimo = be patently clear.

* estar claro = be plain, be out in the open.

* estar colado por = have + a crush on.

* estar como una cabra = be a real nutter.

* estar completamente borracho = be drunk and incapable.

* estar completamente de acuerdo con = agree + wholeheartedly with.

* estar completamente equivocado = be way off.

* estar comprometido a = hold + hostage to.

* estar comprometido a + Infinitivo = be committed to + Gerundio.

* estar con amigos en la calle pasando el rato sin hacer nada = hang out + on the street.

* estar condenado a ser = be doomed.

* estar conectado = be on.

* estar con el alma en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.

* estar con el tema = be on the topic.

* estar confinado = be confined.

* estar confuso = blur, be at sixes and sevens with, be at a nonplus, be all at sea.

* estar congelado = be frozen stiff.

* estar con la espalda contra la pared = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.

* estar contentísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.

* estar contraindicado = be contraindicated.

* estar contra las cuertas = be against the ropes.

* estar convencido = there + be + strong feeling.

* estar convencido de la idea de que = be committed to the idea that.

* estar convirtiéndose rápidamente = be fast becoming.

* estar correcto = be correct.

* estar correlacionado con = be correlated with.

* estar de acorde con = be commensurate with.

* estar de acuerdo = approve, be in agreement, concur (with), be agreed.

* estar de acuerdo con = accord with, conform to, fit, go along with, fit with, be in conformity with, mesh with, see + eye to eye (with/on), jive with.

* estar de acuerdo (con/en) = see + eye to eye (with/on).

* estar de acuerdo con una idea = subscribe to + idea.

* estar de acuerdo en que no + estar + de acuerdo = agree to + disagree.

* estar de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).

* estar de acuerdo unánimemente = agree on + all hands.

* estar de baja = be off work.

* estar de baja por enfermedad = be off work sick.

* estar debatiéndose = be under discussion.

* estar de brazos cruzados = stand + idle, sit + idle.

* estar de buen humor = be high.

* estar de camino a = be on the road to.

* estar de capa caída = be in the doldrums.

* estar de cháchara = chinwag.

* estar decidido a = be determined to, be of a mind to, be intent on, be all set to.

* estar decidido a continuar = be set to continue.

* estar decidido a + Infinitivo = be set to + Infinitivo.

* estar demasiado representado = overrepresent.

* estar de moda = be in.

* estar densamente poblado de = be dense with.

* estar dentro de = fall within/into.

* estar dentro de la competencia = be the province of.

* estar dentro de las posibilidades de uno = lie within + Posesivo + power.

* estar de palique = chinwag.

* estar de parloteo = chinwag.

* estar de pie = stand.

* estar de pie por encima de = stand over.

* estar desacertado = miss + the mark, miss + the point.

* estar desacreditado = hold in + disrepute.

* estar desapareciendo = be on the way out.

* estar desasosegado = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.

* estar desbordado de = be snowed under with.

* estar desbordante de = spill over with.

* estar descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* estar descontento con = express + dissatisfaction with.

* estar deseoso de = be anxious to, be more than ready for.

* estar desesperado = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.

* estar desocupado = stand + idle.

* estar desordenado = be out of order.

* estar desquiciado = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar destinado a = be intended for/to.

* estar destrozado = be + wreck, be a shambles.

* estar de suerte = be in luck.

* estar detenido = be under arrest.

* estar de vacaciones = be on vacation, be off on vacation.

* estar de vuelta = be back.

* estar de vuelta dentro de = be back in + Expresión Temporal.

* estar directamente relacionado con = be directly correlated to.

* estar disgustado por = feel deeply about.

* estar disperso = lie + scattered.

* estar disponible = be available, be forthcoming, be at hand.

* estar dispuestísimo a = be more than willing to.

* estar dispuesto = be game.

* estar dispuesto a = be keen to, be prepared to, be willing to, be of a mind to, be willing and able to, be ready, willing and able.

* estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.

* estar dispuesto y deseoso a = be willing and able to.

* estar dominado por Alguien = be under + Posesivo + thumb.

* estar ducho en = be adept at.

* estar dudoso = be doubtful.

* estar embarazada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar emocionado = be thrilled.

* estar empachado = have + indigestion.

* estar empeorando = be in decline.

* estar en = be in the course of.

* estar en alza = be up.

* estar enamorado de = carry + a torch for + Nombre, have + a crush on.

* estar en apuros = be in trouble, be in a fix.

* estar en ascuas = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar en auge = go + strong.

* estar en Babia = be in cloud cuckoo land, live in + cloud cuckoo land.

* estar en barbecho = lie + fallow.

* estar en buenas manos = be in safe hands.

* estar encaminado a = be on the road to.

* estar en camino de = be on the way to.

* estar encantadísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.

* estar encantado = be thrilled.

* estar encantado de Hacer Algo = be more than happy to + Infinitivo.

* estar en casa = be in.

* estar en celo = be on heat, be in heat.

* estar encendido = be on.

* estar enchufado = be on.

* estar encinta = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar en consonancia con = be consonant with, attune to, align + Reflexivo + with.

* estar en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), be in touch (with).

* estar en contra de = be against.

* estar en debate = be under discussion.

* estar en decadencia = be in decline, be in retreat.

* estar en declive = be in decline.

* estar en desacuerdo = be at variance, disagree, quarrel with, beg to differ, be at sixes and sevens with each other.

* estar en desacuerdo con = be at odds with, be at loggerheads with.

* estar en desacuerdo sobre = be at odds over.

* estar en desigualdad = be under par.

* estar en desventaja = be disadvantaged, be at a disadvantage.

* estar en deuda = be in debt.

* estar en deuda con = be beholden to.

* estar endeudado = be in debt.

* estar en dificultades = be in trouble.

* estar en duda = be in question.

* estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el séptimo cielo = be on cloud nine, float on + air.

* estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.

* estar enemistados = be at loggerheads.

* estar en estado = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar en estado de buena esperanza = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.

* estar enfermo de amor = be lovesick.

* estar en flor = be in bloom, be in flower.

* estar en floración = be in bloom, be in flower.

* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.

* estar enfrascado en Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.

* estar enfrentados = be at loggerheads.

* estar en funcionamiento = be up.

* estar en función de = be a function of.

* estar en guardia = be on guard (against), be on + Posesivo + guard.

* estar en guerra con = be at war with.

* estar en igualdad de condiciones con = be on (an) equal footing with.

* estar en inferioridad de condiciones = punch above + Posesivo + weight.

* estar en juego = be at stake.

* estar en la gloria = be on cloud nine, float on + air.

* estar en la inopia = live in + cloud cuckoo land.

* estar en la mejor posición para = be best positioned to.

* estar en la misma categoria que = rank with.

* estar en la onda = attune to + wavelength.

* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.

* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estar en lo cierto = hit + the truth.

* estar en manos privadas = hold in + private hands.

* estar en marcha = tick over.

* estar en mayoría = be in the majority.

* estar en medio de = caught in the middle.

* estar en minoría = be in the minority.

* estar en misa y repicando = have + a finger in every pie.

* estar enojado = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle.

* estar en paz = pay + Posesivo + dues.

* estar en peligro = be in jeopardy, be in question, be endangered, be at risk, be at stake.

* estar en peligro (de) = be in danger (of).

* estar en posición de = be in a position to.

* estar en proceso de = be on the way to, be in the process of, be in the course of.

* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.

* estar en proceso de + Infinitivo = be on to + Infinitivo.

* estar en retirada = be in retreat.

* estar en ruinas = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar en sintonía con = attune to.

* estar en situación de = be in a position to.

* estar en suspense = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar en tensión = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.

* estar en trance de = be in the process of.

* estar entre = fall between.

* estar entre la espada y la pared = be on the horns of a dilemma.

* estar entre los primeros = stay on top.

* estar entre rejas = be behind bars.

* estar entusiasmado = be thrilled.

* estar en un aprieto = be in a fix.

* estar en una situación diferente = be on a different track.

* estar en un berenjenal = be (in) a mess.

* estar en un mar de dudas = feel at + sea, be all at sea.

* estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.

* estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.

* estar en un sinvivir = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.

* estar en venta = be up for sale.

* estar en vías de = be on the road to, be in the process of.

* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.

* estar en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar equivoado = miss + the point.

* estar equivocado = be mistaken, be wide of the mark, be wrong, be in error, miss + the mark, be in the wrong.

* estar equivocado en + Número + cosas = be wrong on + Número + count(s).

* estar erróneo = be in error.

* estar esparcido = lie + scattered.

* estar estrechamente ligado a = be closely tied to.

* estar estropeado = be kaput.

* estar estropeándose = be on the way out.

* estar exento de pagar impuestos = write off.

* estar falto de = be short of.

* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.

* estar familiarizado con = have + familiarity with.

* estar firmemente convencido = strongly held opinion.

* estar frenético = be furious.

* estar frito de sed = be parched, spit + feathers, be parched with thirst.

* estar fuera = be out.

* estar fuera con los amigos = be out with the guys.

* estar fuera de contienda = be out of contention.

* estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera de las posibilidades de Alguien = be out of + Posesivo + league.

* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.

* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.

* estar fuera de quicio = be beside + Reflexivo.

* estar fuera de rumbo = be off course.

* estar fuera de secuencia = be out of order.

* estar fuera de sí = be beside + Reflexivo.

* estar funcionando = be in place.

* estar furioso = fume.

* estar + Gerundio = be on the way to.

* estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.

* estar haciendo = be up to.

* estar haciendo Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.

* estar haciendo algo que no se debe = be up to no good, get up to + no good.

* estar hambriento = starve.

* estar harto = have had enough.

* estar harto de = be all too familiar with, be sick and tired of.

* estar hasta la coronilla de = be sick and tired of.

* estar hecho a escala = be to scale.

* estar hecho con la intención de = be intended for/to.

* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.

* estar hecho el uno para el otro = be well suited to each other, be two of a kind, be a right pair.

* estar hecho para = be geared to, be intended for/to, mean, be cut out for.

* estar hecho polvo = be + wreck.

* estar hecho un desastre = look like + a wreck, be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.

* estar hecho un esqueleto = be a bag of bones.

* estar hecho un flan = shake like + a leaf, tremble like + a leaf.

* estar hecho un lío = be at sixes and sevens with.

* estar hecho un perla = be a bit of a lad.

* estar hecho un pinta = be a bit of a lad.

* estar hecho un prenda = be a bit of a lad.

* estar helado = be frozen stiff.

* estar implícito en = run through.

* estar inactivo = lie + fallow, lie + dormant.

* estar incluido = be embedded.

* estar indeciso = be hesitant (to).

* estar indeciso entre... o... = be torn between... and....

* estar inerte = lie + fallow.

* estar informado puntualmente sobre = monitor + information on.

* estar inmune a = be immune against.

* estar inquieto = be disturbed.

* estar interesado en = be interested in, be keen to.

* estar inundado de = be snowed under with.

* estar junto a = stand by + Lugar.

* estar juntos = be together, stand + together.

* estar justo en medio de = stand + squarely in.

* estar la mar de contento = be over the moon.

* estar lejos de (ser) + Infinitivo = be far from + Gerundio.

* estar levantado = be up.

* estar libre de = be free from.

* estar ligado a = be bound up with.

* estar listo = stand + ready, be ready.

* estar listo para = be poised to, stand + poised, be all set to.

* estar lleno de problemas = bristle with + problems.

* estar localizable = be locatable.

* estar loco = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar loco de alegría = be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits, be tickled pink.

* estar loco de contento = be beside + Reflexivo + with joy, be over the moon, be over the moon.

* estar loco de remate = be a real nutter.

* estar loco por = have + a crush on.

* estar majareta = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar mal = be wrong, feel under + the weather, be under the weather.

* estar mal comunicado con = have + poor connections with.

* estar mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.

* estar manga por hombro = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar marcado por = be pockmarked with.

* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.

* estar mejor = be better off, be better served by.

* estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.

* estar molesto = be displeased, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, put off.

* estar motivado = be motivated, have + motivation.

* estar moviéndose en terreno seguro = be on secure ground.

* estar muerto de asco = be bored to death, be bored stiff, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.

* estar muerto de frío = be frozen stiff.

* estar muerto de hambre = be starving to death.

* estar muerto de miedo = be scared stiff, be frightened to death, be petrified of, be terrified.

* estar muerto de sed = spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.

* estar muy acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.

* estar muy agradecido a = be indebted to.

* estar muy alejado de = be a long way from.

* estar muy arraigado en = be well embedded in.

* estar muy bajo = be way down.

* estar muy cerca de = be one step away from, be steps away from, come + very close to.

* estar muy convencido de = have + strong feelings about.

* estar muy emocionado con/por = be excited about.

* estar muy esparcido = spread + Nombre + thinly.

* estar muy lejano = be far off.

* estar muy lejos = be far off, be a long way off.

* estar muy por delante de = be way out ahead of.

* estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.

* estar muy puesto = stay on top of + the game, stay on top.

* estar muy separado = set + far apart.

* estar muy usado = be well thumbed.

* estar nervioso = be in a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.

* estar oculto = lie + hidden.

* estar ocupado = busyness, be engaged, be tied up.

* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.

* estar orgulloso de = be proud (of/to).

* estar orientado a/para = be geared to.

* estar orientado hacia = target.

* estar orientado hacia + Nombre = be + Nombre + driven.

* estar patas arriba = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar pendiente de = be on the lookout for, pay + attention to, keep + an eye on, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* estar perdido = be out of + Posesivo + league, be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head, be all at sea.

* estar permitido = be permissible.

* estar plagado de = be rife with.

* estar plenamente convencido de Algo = feel (it) in + Posesivo + bones.

* estar pluriempleado = moonlight, work + a second job.

* estar pluriempleado, tener un segundo trabajo, tener un segundo empleo = work + a second job.

* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.

* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* estar por demostrar = be unproven.

* estar por detrás = be behind.

* estar por encima de = overlay, overlie.

* estar por las nubes = be through the roof.

* estar por ver = be an open question.

* estar poseído por los espíritus = haunt.

* estar precavido = be on + Posesivo + guard, be on guard (against).

* estar predestinado a = be predestined to.

* estar predispuesto = feel + partial.

* estar predispuesto a = be predisposed to/toward(s).

* estar preñada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar preocupadísimo = be worried stiff (about), be worried sick.

* estar preocupado por = be anxious to.

* estar preparado = be readied, stand + ready, be ready.

* estar preparado para = be geared up for/to, stand + poised.

* estar preparado y dispuesto a = be willing and able to.

* estar preparado y dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.

* estar presente = be manifest, be present, be in evidence.

* estar presionado = be under the gun.

* estar propuesto a = be intent on.

* estar próximo = be at hand.

* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).

* estar que + subirse + por las paredes = tear + Posesivo + hair out.

* estar realizándose = underway [under way], be in progress, be in hand.

* estar rebosante de = spill over with.

* estar rebosante de salud = fit as a fiddle.

* estar relacionado con = be associated with, regard.

* estar relacionado con el trabajo = be work related.

* estar resentido = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.

* estar resfriado = have + a cold.

* estar respaldado por Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.

* estar restringido = be constrained.

* estar resuelto a = be intent on, be all set to.

* estar saliendo con alguien = be in a dating relationship.

* estar salpicado de = be dotted with.

* estar sano y salvo = be alive and well.

* estar satisfecho (de) = be satisfied (with).

* estar saturado de trabajo = work to + capacity.

* estar sediento = be thirsty, spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.

* estar seguro = be sure, make + sure, set + your watch by.

* estar seguro de = be certain (of), be confident about, feel + confident.

* estar seguro de que = be confident that.

* estar sentado sin hacer o decir nada = sit by.

* estar separado = set + apart.

* estar separado de = be remote from.

* estar sesgado = bias, slant.

* estar siempre + Adjetivo = be ever + Adjetivo.

* estar siempre buscando = be on the lookout for.

* estar siempre dispuesto a ayudar = be always willing to assist.

* estar siendo + Participio = be in process of + Nombre.

* estar sin blanca = not have a bean.

* estar sin hacer nada = sit + idle, stand + idle.

* estar sin trabajo = stay out of + work.

* estar sin una pela = not have a bean.

* estar sin un centavo = not have a bean.

* estar sin un céntimo = not have a bean.

* * *
I 1.
cópula

1) ( seguido de adjetivos) [ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1] to be

qué gordo está! — isn't he fat!, hasn't he got(ten) fat!

pobre abuelo! está viejo — poor grandpa! he's really aged

la sopa está deliciosa/muy caliente — the soup is delicious/very hot

está muy simpático conmigo — he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently)

todo está tan caro! — things are o have become so expensive!

está cansada/furiosa/embarazada — she is tired/furious/pregnant

2) (con bien, mal, mejor, peor)

están todos bien, gracias — they're all fine, thanks

qué bien estás en esta foto! — you look great in this photo!

está mal que no se lo perdones — it's wrong of you not to forgive him; ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor

3) ( hablando de estado civil) to be

está casada con un primo mío — she's married to a cousin of mine

4) ( seguido de participios)

estar sentado/echado/arrodillado — to be sitting/lying/kneeling (down)

estaban abrazados — they had their arms around each other; ver tb verbo auxiliar 2

5) ( con predicado introducido por preposición) to be; (para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente)

estoy a régimen — I'm on a diet

¿a cómo está la uva? — how much are the grapes?

estamos como al principio — we're back to where we started

está con el sarampión — she has (the) measles

siempre está con lo mismo — he's always going on about the same thing

está de buen humor — she's in a good mood

están de limpieza/viaje — they're spring-cleaning/on a trip

hoy estoy de cocinera — I'm doing the cooking today

estaba de secretaria — she worked as a secretary

no estoy para bromas — I'm not in the mood for jokes

estamos sin electricidad — the electricity is off at the moment

está sin pintar — it hasn't been painted yet

estar con alguien — ( estar de acuerdo) to agree with somebody; ( apoyar) to support somebody, be on somebody's side

el pueblo está con nosotros — the people are with us

estar en algo: no lo hemos solucionado pero estamos en ello or eso — we haven't solved it but we're working on it

6) ( introducido por que)

el agua está que pela — the water's scalding hot

está que no hay quien lo aguante — he's (being) unbearable
2.
estar vi

Sentido I

1) ( en un lugar)

edificio/pueblo ( estar ubicado) to be

¿dónde está Chiapas? — where's Chiapas?

está a 20 kilómetros de aquí — it's 20 kilometers from here

2)

a) persona/objeto ( hallarse en cierto momento) to be

¿sabes dónde está Pedro? — do you know where Pedro is?

¿a qué hora tienes que estar allí? — what time do you have to be there?

¿dónde estábamos la clase pasada? — where did we get to in the last class?

b) ( figurar) to be

yo no estaba en la lista — I wasn't on the list, my name didn't appear on the list

3) ( hallarse en determinado lugar)

¿está Rodrigo? — is Rodrigo in?

¿estamos todos? — are we all here?

4)

a) (quedarse, permanecer)

sólo estaré unos días — I'll only be staying a few days

¿cuánto tiempo estarás en Londres? — how long are you going to be in London (for)?

b) ( vivir)

ahora estamos en Soca — we're in o we live in Soca now

de momento estoy con mi hermana — at the moment I'm staying with my sister

Sentido II

5) ( en el tiempo)

¿a qué (día) estamos? — what day is it today?

¿a cuánto estamos hoy? — what's the date today?

estamos a 28 de mayo — it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May

estamos en primavera — it's spring

¿en qué mes estamos? — what month are we in o is it?

Sentido III

6) (existir, haber)

y después está el problema de... — and then there's the problem of...

luego están los niños, hay que pensar en ellos — then there are the children to think about

7) (tener como función, cometido)

estar para algo: para eso están los amigos that's what friends are for; estamos para ayudarlos — we're here to help them

8) ( radicar)

ahí está el quid del asunto — that's the crux of the matter

estar en algo: en eso está el problema that's where the problem lies; todo está en que él quiera — it all depends on whether he wants to or not

9) (estar listo, terminado)

la carne todavía no está — the meat's not ready yet

lo atas con un nudo y ya está — you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are

enseguida estoy — I'll be right with you

ya está! ya sé la repuesta! — I've got it! I know the answer!

ahí está! — that's it!

10) ( quedar entendido)

que no vuelva a suceder ¿estamos? — don't let it happen again, understand? o (colloq) got it?

11)

ya que estamos/estás — while we're/you're at it

12) (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl)

te está grande/pequeña — it's too big/too small for you

la 46 te está mejor — the 46 fits you better
3.
estar v aux

1) ( con gerundio)

está lloviendo — it's raining

se está afeitando — he's shaving

estoy viendo que va a ser imposible — I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible

2) ( con participio)

la foto está tomada con flash — the photo was taken with flash

ese asiento está ocupado — that seat is taken

ya está hecho un hombrecito — he's a proper young man now; ver tb estar cópula 4)
4.
estarse v pron

1) (enf) ( permanecer) to stay

se estuvo horas ahí sentado — he remained sitting there for hours

¿no te puedes estar quieto? — can't you stay o keep still?

estése tranquilo — don't worry

2) (enf) ( llegar) to be

estáte allí media hora antes — be there half an hour before
II
masculino (esp AmL) living room

* * *

= be, become, live with.

Ex: Systems such as Dialog, IRS, ORBIT and BLAISE may be accessed by libraries and information units.

Ex: Some degree of ignorance of this kind is not unusual since the usual objective in consulting an information source is to become better informed.

Ex: Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.

* ¡cómo se nota que no está el jefe! = while the cat's away, the mice will play.

* ahí está el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.

* ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.

* creer que estar bien = feel + right.

* creer que estar mal = feel + wrong.

* dar la señal de estar listo = prompt.

* dejar como + estar = leave + untouched.

* dejar las cosas como están = let + sleeping dogs lie.

* de tal forma que + ser/estar = in such form as to + be.

* el diablo está en los detalles = the devil (is/lives) in the details.

* el futuro + estar + justo a la vuelta de la esquina = the future + be + just around the corner.

* esperanza + estar = hope + lie.

* estando de acuerdo = approvingly.

* estando de servicio = while on the job.

* estando sentado = from a seated position.

* estar a años de distancia = be years away.

* estar abierto a = be open to.

* estar abocado a ser = be doomed.

* estar absorto en = be wrapped up in.

* estar aburridísimo = be bored stiff, be bored to death, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.

* estar aburrido como una ostra = be bored stiff.

* estar a caballo entre = stand + midway between, straddle (between).

* estar a caballo entre... y... = lie + midway between... and..., tread + a fine line between... and, tread + the thin line between... and, tread + a delicate line between... and.

* estar acabando con = eat away at.

* estar acabándose = be on the way out, be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estar a + Cantidad + de distancia = Cantidad + distant from.

* estar a cargo de = man, be the responsibility of.

* estar accesible = be up.

* estar accesible en línea = go + online.

* estar accesible en red = go + online.

* estar acertado = be right on track.

* estar acostumbrado a = be familiar with, be no stranger to, be used to.

* estar acostumbrado a + Infinitivo = be accustomed to + Gerundio.

* estar a dos velas = not have a bean.

* estar a + Expresión Numérica + de distancia = be + Número + away.

* estar a favor de = be for, be in favour (of), come down in + favour of.

* estar a favor de una idea = favour + idea.

* estar a favor o en contra = be for or against.

* estar agobiado de = be snowed under with.

* estar agradecido = be thankful.

* estar a la alerta de = be wary of.

* estar a la altura de = live up to, be equal to.

* estar a la altura de la circunstancias = make + the cut.

* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = come up with + the goods.

* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = rise (up) to + challenge.

* estar a la altura de las circunstancias = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, be equal to the occasion, rise (up) to + the occasion, deliver + the goods, measure up (to), be up to snuff.

* estar a la altura de las expectativas = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.

* estar a la altura de las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.

* estar a la altura de lo que se espera = live up to + Posesivo + expectations.

* estar a la baja = be down.

* estar al acecho = lie in + wait.

* estar a la entera disposición de Alguien = be at + Posesivo + feet.

* estar al alcance de la mano = be at hand.

* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.

* estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.

* estar a la par de = rank with.

* estar a la vuelta de la esquina = be just around the corner.

* estar al borde de = teeter + on the edge of.

* estar al completo = overbook.

* estar al corriente = monitor + developments.

* estar al día = monitor + developments, stay on top of + the game, stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* estar alejado + Expresión Numérica = be + Número + away.

* estar al lado de = stand by + Lugar.

* estar al loro de = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar al máximo = overstretch.

* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.

* estar al tanto = monitor + developments.

* estar al tanto de = be on the lookout for, keep + track of, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* estar a mano = be on hand, be around.

* estar a medio camino entre... y... = lie + midway between... and....

* estar a merced de = be at the mercy of.

* estar ansioso por = be eager to.

* estar ante = be faced with.

* estar apagado = be off.

* estar a punto de = be poised to, be about to, be on the point of, stand + poised, come + very close to.

* estar a punto de cascarlas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estar a punto de decir = be on the tip of + Posesivo + tongue to say.

* estar a punto de + Infinitivo = be about + Infinitivo.

* estar aquí ya = be upon us.

* estar a resultas de = keep + track of.

* estar arraigado en = be rooted in.

* estar arrestado = be under arrest.

* estar arriba = sit on + top.

* estar a salvo = be in safe hands.

* estar asociado a = be associated with, be bound up with.

* estar atado a = hold + hostage to.

* estar atareado = be tied up.

* estar atento a = be on the lookout for, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar aterrorizado = be petrified of, be frightened to death, be scared stiff, be terrified.

* estar a tope = overstretch.

* estar atrancado = be stuck.

* estar atrasado en el pago = be in arrears.

* estar aumentando = be on the increase.

* estár aún más alejados = be one step further removed.

* estar aún por llegar = be yet to come.

* estar ausente = lack.

* estar ausente de = be absent (from).

* estar avanzado = be well under way.

* estar avergonzado = be ashamed.

* estar averiado = be out of order.

* estar aviado = be (in) a mess.

* estar bajo arresto = be under arrest.

* estar bajo la tutela de = fall under + the auspices of.

* estar bastante acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.

* estar bastante alejado = be a distance apart.

* estar bien = be okay, be in good shape, be in good health.

* estar bien de salud = be in good health.

* estar bien encaminado = be on the right track.

* estar bien pensado = be carefully thought out.

* estar borracho = be drunk, see + double.

* estar callado = keep + quiet.

* estar cansado de = be sick and tired of.

* estar capacitado para = be qualified to.

* estar casi finalizado = near + completion.

* estar casi terminado = be nearing completion, reach + near completion.

* estar castigado = be in the doghouse.

* estar cerca = be at hand, be on hand, be around.

* estar cerca de = be close to.

* estar chalado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar chiflado = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar chiflado por = have + a crush on.

* estar chupado = be a cinch, be a doddle, be a breeze, be a snap, be a picnic, be duck soup.

* estar clarísimo = be patently clear.

* estar claro = be plain, be out in the open.

* estar colado por = have + a crush on.

* estar como una cabra = be a real nutter.

* estar completamente borracho = be drunk and incapable.

* estar completamente de acuerdo con = agree + wholeheartedly with.

* estar completamente equivocado = be way off.

* estar comprometido a = hold + hostage to.

* estar comprometido a + Infinitivo = be committed to + Gerundio.

* estar con amigos en la calle pasando el rato sin hacer nada = hang out + on the street.

* estar condenado a ser = be doomed.

* estar conectado = be on.

* estar con el alma en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.

* estar con el tema = be on the topic.

* estar confinado = be confined.

* estar confuso = blur, be at sixes and sevens with, be at a nonplus, be all at sea.

* estar congelado = be frozen stiff.

* estar con la espalda contra la pared = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.

* estar contentísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.

* estar contraindicado = be contraindicated.

* estar contra las cuertas = be against the ropes.

* estar convencido = there + be + strong feeling.

* estar convencido de la idea de que = be committed to the idea that.

* estar convirtiéndose rápidamente = be fast becoming.

* estar correcto = be correct.

* estar correlacionado con = be correlated with.

* estar de acorde con = be commensurate with.

* estar de acuerdo = approve, be in agreement, concur (with), be agreed.

* estar de acuerdo con = accord with, conform to, fit, go along with, fit with, be in conformity with, mesh with, see + eye to eye (with/on), jive with.

* estar de acuerdo (con/en) = see + eye to eye (with/on).

* estar de acuerdo con una idea = subscribe to + idea.

* estar de acuerdo en que no + estar + de acuerdo = agree to + disagree.

* estar de acuerdo sobre = agree (on/upon).

* estar de acuerdo unánimemente = agree on + all hands.

* estar de baja = be off work.

* estar de baja por enfermedad = be off work sick.

* estar debatiéndose = be under discussion.

* estar de brazos cruzados = stand + idle, sit + idle.

* estar de buen humor = be high.

* estar de camino a = be on the road to.

* estar de capa caída = be in the doldrums.

* estar de cháchara = chinwag.

* estar decidido a = be determined to, be of a mind to, be intent on, be all set to.

* estar decidido a continuar = be set to continue.

* estar decidido a + Infinitivo = be set to + Infinitivo.

* estar demasiado representado = overrepresent.

* estar de moda = be in.

* estar densamente poblado de = be dense with.

* estar dentro de = fall within/into.

* estar dentro de la competencia = be the province of.

* estar dentro de las posibilidades de uno = lie within + Posesivo + power.

* estar de palique = chinwag.

* estar de parloteo = chinwag.

* estar de pie = stand.

* estar de pie por encima de = stand over.

* estar desacertado = miss + the mark, miss + the point.

* estar desacreditado = hold in + disrepute.

* estar desapareciendo = be on the way out.

* estar desasosegado = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.

* estar desbordado de = be snowed under with.

* estar desbordante de = spill over with.

* estar descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* estar descontento con = express + dissatisfaction with.

* estar deseoso de = be anxious to, be more than ready for.

* estar desesperado = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.

* estar desocupado = stand + idle.

* estar desordenado = be out of order.

* estar desquiciado = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar destinado a = be intended for/to.

* estar destrozado = be + wreck, be a shambles.

* estar de suerte = be in luck.

* estar detenido = be under arrest.

* estar de vacaciones = be on vacation, be off on vacation.

* estar de vuelta = be back.

* estar de vuelta dentro de = be back in + Expresión Temporal.

* estar directamente relacionado con = be directly correlated to.

* estar disgustado por = feel deeply about.

* estar disperso = lie + scattered.

* estar disponible = be available, be forthcoming, be at hand.

* estar dispuestísimo a = be more than willing to.

* estar dispuesto = be game.

* estar dispuesto a = be keen to, be prepared to, be willing to, be of a mind to, be willing and able to, be ready, willing and able.

* estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.

* estar dispuesto y deseoso a = be willing and able to.

* estar dominado por Alguien = be under + Posesivo + thumb.

* estar ducho en = be adept at.

* estar dudoso = be doubtful.

* estar embarazada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar emocionado = be thrilled.

* estar empachado = have + indigestion.

* estar empeorando = be in decline.

* estar en = be in the course of.

* estar en alza = be up.

* estar enamorado de = carry + a torch for + Nombre, have + a crush on.

* estar en apuros = be in trouble, be in a fix.

* estar en ascuas = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar en auge = go + strong.

* estar en Babia = be in cloud cuckoo land, live in + cloud cuckoo land.

* estar en barbecho = lie + fallow.

* estar en buenas manos = be in safe hands.

* estar encaminado a = be on the road to.

* estar en camino de = be on the way to.

* estar encantadísimo = thrill + Nombre + to bits, be chuffed to bits, be tickled pink.

* estar encantado = be thrilled.

* estar encantado de Hacer Algo = be more than happy to + Infinitivo.

* estar en casa = be in.

* estar en celo = be on heat, be in heat.

* estar encendido = be on.

* estar enchufado = be on.

* estar encinta = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar en consonancia con = be consonant with, attune to, align + Reflexivo + with.

* estar en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), be in touch (with).

* estar en contra de = be against.

* estar en debate = be under discussion.

* estar en decadencia = be in decline, be in retreat.

* estar en declive = be in decline.

* estar en desacuerdo = be at variance, disagree, quarrel with, beg to differ, be at sixes and sevens with each other.

* estar en desacuerdo con = be at odds with, be at loggerheads with.

* estar en desacuerdo sobre = be at odds over.

* estar en desigualdad = be under par.

* estar en desventaja = be disadvantaged, be at a disadvantage.

* estar en deuda = be in debt.

* estar en deuda con = be beholden to.

* estar endeudado = be in debt.

* estar en dificultades = be in trouble.

* estar en duda = be in question.

* estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.

* estar en el séptimo cielo = be on cloud nine, float on + air.

* estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.

* estar enemistados = be at loggerheads.

* estar en estado = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar en estado de buena esperanza = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.

* estar enfermo de amor = be lovesick.

* estar en flor = be in bloom, be in flower.

* estar en floración = be in bloom, be in flower.

* estar en forma = be in shape, be in good shape.

* estar enfrascado en Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.

* estar enfrentados = be at loggerheads.

* estar en funcionamiento = be up.

* estar en función de = be a function of.

* estar en guardia = be on guard (against), be on + Posesivo + guard.

* estar en guerra con = be at war with.

* estar en igualdad de condiciones con = be on (an) equal footing with.

* estar en inferioridad de condiciones = punch above + Posesivo + weight.

* estar en juego = be at stake.

* estar en la gloria = be on cloud nine, float on + air.

* estar en la inopia = live in + cloud cuckoo land.

* estar en la mejor posición para = be best positioned to.

* estar en la misma categoria que = rank with.

* estar en la onda = attune to + wavelength.

* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.

* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.

* estar en lo cierto = hit + the truth.

* estar en manos privadas = hold in + private hands.

* estar en marcha = tick over.

* estar en mayoría = be in the majority.

* estar en medio de = caught in the middle.

* estar en minoría = be in the minority.

* estar en misa y repicando = have + a finger in every pie.

* estar enojado = get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle.

* estar en paz = pay + Posesivo + dues.

* estar en peligro = be in jeopardy, be in question, be endangered, be at risk, be at stake.

* estar en peligro (de) = be in danger (of).

* estar en posición de = be in a position to.

* estar en proceso de = be on the way to, be in the process of, be in the course of.

* estar en proceso de cambio = be in flux.

* estar en proceso de + Infinitivo = be on to + Infinitivo.

* estar en retirada = be in retreat.

* estar en ruinas = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar en sintonía con = attune to.

* estar en situación de = be in a position to.

* estar en suspense = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar en tensión = sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.

* estar en trance de = be in the process of.

* estar entre = fall between.

* estar entre la espada y la pared = be on the horns of a dilemma.

* estar entre los primeros = stay on top.

* estar entre rejas = be behind bars.

* estar entusiasmado = be thrilled.

* estar en un aprieto = be in a fix.

* estar en una situación diferente = be on a different track.

* estar en un berenjenal = be (in) a mess.

* estar en un mar de dudas = feel at + sea, be all at sea.

* estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.

* estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.

* estar en un sinvivir = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold.

* estar en venta = be up for sale.

* estar en vías de = be on the road to, be in the process of.

* estar en vías de conseguir = be on the road to.

* estar en vilo = put + Posesivo + life on hold, Posesivo + life + be + on hold, sit on + the edge of + Posesivo + seat.

* estar equivoado = miss + the point.

* estar equivocado = be mistaken, be wide of the mark, be wrong, be in error, miss + the mark, be in the wrong.

* estar equivocado en + Número + cosas = be wrong on + Número + count(s).

* estar erróneo = be in error.

* estar esparcido = lie + scattered.

* estar estrechamente ligado a = be closely tied to.

* estar estropeado = be kaput.

* estar estropeándose = be on the way out.

* estar exento de pagar impuestos = write off.

* estar falto de = be short of.

* estar falto de práctica = get + rusty.

* estar familiarizado con = have + familiarity with.

* estar firmemente convencido = strongly held opinion.

* estar frenético = be furious.

* estar frito de sed = be parched, spit + feathers, be parched with thirst.

* estar fuera = be out.

* estar fuera con los amigos = be out with the guys.

* estar fuera de contienda = be out of contention.

* estar fuera del alcance = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera de las posibilidades de Alguien = be out of + Posesivo + league.

* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.

* estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.

* estar fuera de quicio = be beside + Reflexivo.

* estar fuera de rumbo = be off course.

* estar fuera de secuencia = be out of order.

* estar fuera de sí = be beside + Reflexivo.

* estar funcionando = be in place.

* estar furioso = fume.

* estar + Gerundio = be on the way to.

* estar hablando del tema = be on the topic.

* estar haciendo = be up to.

* estar haciendo Algo = have + Nombre + on the go.

* estar haciendo algo que no se debe = be up to no good, get up to + no good.

* estar hambriento = starve.

* estar harto = have had enough.

* estar harto de = be all too familiar with, be sick and tired of.

* estar hasta la coronilla de = be sick and tired of.

* estar hecho a escala = be to scale.

* estar hecho con la intención de = be intended for/to.

* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.

* estar hecho el uno para el otro = be well suited to each other, be two of a kind, be a right pair.

* estar hecho para = be geared to, be intended for/to, mean, be cut out for.

* estar hecho polvo = be + wreck.

* estar hecho un desastre = look like + a wreck, be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.

* estar hecho un esqueleto = be a bag of bones.

* estar hecho un flan = shake like + a leaf, tremble like + a leaf.

* estar hecho un lío = be at sixes and sevens with.

* estar hecho un perla = be a bit of a lad.

* estar hecho un pinta = be a bit of a lad.

* estar hecho un prenda = be a bit of a lad.

* estar helado = be frozen stiff.

* estar implícito en = run through.

* estar inactivo = lie + fallow, lie + dormant.

* estar incluido = be embedded.

* estar indeciso = be hesitant (to).

* estar indeciso entre... o... = be torn between... and....

* estar inerte = lie + fallow.

* estar informado puntualmente sobre = monitor + information on.

* estar inmune a = be immune against.

* estar inquieto = be disturbed.

* estar interesado en = be interested in, be keen to.

* estar inundado de = be snowed under with.

* estar junto a = stand by + Lugar.

* estar juntos = be together, stand + together.

* estar justo en medio de = stand + squarely in.

* estar la mar de contento = be over the moon.

* estar lejos de (ser) + Infinitivo = be far from + Gerundio.

* estar levantado = be up.

* estar libre de = be free from.

* estar ligado a = be bound up with.

* estar listo = stand + ready, be ready.

* estar listo para = be poised to, stand + poised, be all set to.

* estar lleno de problemas = bristle with + problems.

* estar localizable = be locatable.

* estar loco = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar loco de alegría = be chuffed to bits, thrill + Nombre + to bits, be tickled pink.

* estar loco de contento = be beside + Reflexivo + with joy, be over the moon, be over the moon.

* estar loco de remate = be a real nutter.

* estar loco por = have + a crush on.

* estar majareta = be off + Posesivo + rocker.

* estar mal = be wrong, feel under + the weather, be under the weather.

* estar mal comunicado con = have + poor connections with.

* estar mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* estar mal visto = frown on/upon.

* estar manga por hombro = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar marcado por = be pockmarked with.

* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.

* estar mejor = be better off, be better served by.

* estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.

* estar molesto = be displeased, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, put off.

* estar motivado = be motivated, have + motivation.

* estar moviéndose en terreno seguro = be on secure ground.

* estar muerto de asco = be bored to death, be bored stiff, be bored to tears, be bored out of + Posesivo + mind.

* estar muerto de frío = be frozen stiff.

* estar muerto de hambre = be starving to death.

* estar muerto de miedo = be scared stiff, be frightened to death, be petrified of, be terrified.

* estar muerto de sed = spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.

* estar muy acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.

* estar muy agradecido a = be indebted to.

* estar muy alejado de = be a long way from.

* estar muy arraigado en = be well embedded in.

* estar muy bajo = be way down.

* estar muy cerca de = be one step away from, be steps away from, come + very close to.

* estar muy convencido de = have + strong feelings about.

* estar muy emocionado con/por = be excited about.

* estar muy esparcido = spread + Nombre + thinly.

* estar muy lejano = be far off.

* estar muy lejos = be far off, be a long way off.

* estar muy por delante de = be way out ahead of.

* estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.

* estar muy puesto = stay on top of + the game, stay on top.

* estar muy separado = set + far apart.

* estar muy usado = be well thumbed.

* estar nervioso = be in a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.

* estar oculto = lie + hidden.

* estar ocupado = busyness, be engaged, be tied up.

* estar ordenado en forma circular = be on a wheel.

* estar orgulloso de = be proud (of/to).

* estar orientado a/para = be geared to.

* estar orientado hacia = target.

* estar orientado hacia + Nombre = be + Nombre + driven.

* estar patas arriba = be a shambles, be (in) a mess.

* estar pendiente de = be on the lookout for, pay + attention to, keep + an eye on, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* estar perdido = be out of + Posesivo + league, be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head, be all at sea.

* estar permitido = be permissible.

* estar plagado de = be rife with.

* estar plenamente convencido de Algo = feel (it) in + Posesivo + bones.

* estar pluriempleado = moonlight, work + a second job.

* estar pluriempleado, tener un segundo trabajo, tener un segundo empleo = work + a second job.

* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.

* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* estar por demostrar = be unproven.

* estar por detrás = be behind.

* estar por encima de = overlay, overlie.

* estar por las nubes = be through the roof.

* estar por ver = be an open question.

* estar poseído por los espíritus = haunt.

* estar precavido = be on + Posesivo + guard, be on guard (against).

* estar predestinado a = be predestined to.

* estar predispuesto = feel + partial.

* estar predispuesto a = be predisposed to/toward(s).

* estar preñada = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.

* estar preocupadísimo = be worried stiff (about), be worried sick.

* estar preocupado por = be anxious to.

* estar preparado = be readied, stand + ready, be ready.

* estar preparado para = be geared up for/to, stand + poised.

* estar preparado y dispuesto a = be willing and able to.

* estar preparado y dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.

* estar presente = be manifest, be present, be in evidence.

* estar presionado = be under the gun.

* estar propuesto a = be intent on.

* estar próximo = be at hand.

* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).

* estar que + subirse + por las paredes = tear + Posesivo + hair out.

* estar realizándose = underway [under way], be in progress, be in hand.

* estar rebosante de = spill over with.

* estar rebosante de salud = fit as a fiddle.

* estar relacionado con = be associated with, regard.

* estar relacionado con el trabajo = be work related.

* estar resentido = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.

* estar resfriado = have + a cold.

* estar respaldado por Alguien = have + Nombre + behind + Pronombre.

* estar restringido = be constrained.

* estar resuelto a = be intent on, be all set to.

* estar saliendo con alguien = be in a dating relationship.

* estar salpicado de = be dotted with.

* estar sano y salvo = be alive and well.

* estar satisfecho (de) = be satisfied (with).

* estar saturado de trabajo = work to + capacity.

* estar sediento = be thirsty, spit + feathers, be parched, be parched with thirst.

* estar seguro = be sure, make + sure, set + your watch by.

* estar seguro de = be certain (of), be confident about, feel + confident.

* estar seguro de que = be confident that.

* estar sentado sin hacer o decir nada = sit by.

* estar separado = set + apart.

* estar separado de = be remote from.

* estar sesgado = bias, slant.

* estar siempre + Adjetivo = be ever + Adjetivo.

* estar siempre buscando = be on the lookout for.

* estar siempre dispuesto a ayudar = be always willing to assist.

* estar siendo + Participio = be in process of + Nombre.

* estar sin blanca = not have a bean.

* estar sin hacer nada = sit + idle, stand + idle.

* estar sin trabajo = stay out of + work.

* estar sin una pela = not have a bean.

* estar sin un centavo = not have a bean.

* estar sin un céntimo = not have a bean

* * *

estar¹ [ A27 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ estar (cópula)

A seguido de adjetivos

B estar bien, mal, mejor, peor

C hablando de estado civil

D seguido de participios

E con preposición + predicado

F con que + predicado

■ estar (verbo intransitivo)

Sentido I

A quedar ubicado

B

1 hallarse en cierto momento

2 figurar

C

1 hallarse en determinado lugar

2 acudir

D

1 quedarse, permanecer

2 vivir

Sentido II en el tiempo

Sentido III

A existir, haber

B tener como función etc

C radicar

D estar listo, terminado

E quedar entendido

F quedar grande, pequeño etc

G Derecho

■ estar (verbo auxiliar)

A con gerundio

B con participio

■ estarse (verbo pronominal)

A permanecer

B acudir

cópula

A (seguido de adjetivos) [ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser¹ (↑ ser (1)) . Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser¹ (↑ ser (1)) ] to be

¡qué gordo está! isn't he fat!, hasn't he got(ten) fat! o put on a lot of weight!

¡qué alto está Ignacio! isn't Ignacio tall now!, hasn't Ignacio got(ten) tall o grown!

¡pobre abuelo! está viejo poor grandpa! he's really aged

el rape está delicioso ¿qué le has puesto? the monkfish is delicious, how did you cook it?

está muy simpático con nosotros ¿qué querrá? he's being o he's been so nice to us (recently), what do you think he's after?

no estuvo grosero contigo — sí, lo estuvo he wasn't rude to you — yes, he was

estás muy callado ¿qué te pasa? you're very quiet, what's the matter?

¡pero tú estás casi calvo! but you're almost bald, but you've gone almost bald o you've lost almost all your hair!

¿no me oyes? ¿estás sorda? can't you hear me? are you deaf?

¿está muerto/vivo? is he dead/alive?

está cansada/furiosa/embarazada she is tired/furious/pregnant

B ( con bien, mal, mejor, peor) [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

¿cómo están por tu casa? — están todos bien, gracias how's everybody at home? — they're all fine, thanks

¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!

está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive him

ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor

C (hablando de estado civil) to be

está casada con un primo mío she's married to a cousin of mine

sus padres están divorciados her parents are divorced

D

(seguido de participios): estaba sentado/echado en la cama he was sitting/lying on the bed

está colgado de una rama it's hanging from a branch

estaban abrazados they had their arms around each other

estaba arrodillada she was kneeling (down)

ver tb estar¹ v aux B.

E (con predicado introducido por preposición) to be (para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente)

estoy a régimen I'm on a diet

¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?

estamos como al principio we're back to where we started

está con el sarampión she has (the) measles

estoy con muchas ganas de empezar I'm really looking forward to starting

siempre está con lo mismo/con que es un incomprendido he's always going on about the same thing/about how nobody understands him

estaba de luto/de uniforme he was in mourning/uniform

hoy está de mejor humor she's in a better mood today

están de limpieza/viaje they're spring-cleaning/on a trip

estoy de cocinera hasta que vuelva mi madre I'm doing the cooking until my mother comes back

estuvo de secretaria en una empresa internacional she worked as a secretary in an international company

estás en un error you're mistaken

no estoy para fiestas/bromas I'm not in the mood for parties/joking

estamos sin electricidad we don't have any electricity at the moment, the electricity is off at the moment

éste está sin pintar this one hasn't been painted yet

estar con algn (estar de acuerdo) to agree with sb; (apoyar) to support sb, be on sb's side

yo estoy contigo, creo que ella está equivocada I agree with you o ( colloq) I'm with you, I think she's mistaken

nuestro partido está con el pueblo our party supports o is on the side of the people

el pueblo está con nosotros the people are with us

estar en algo: todavía no hemos solucionado el problema, pero estamos en ello or eso we still haven't solved the problem, but we're working on it

estar por algn ( Esp fam); to be sweet o keen on sb ( colloq)

F (con predicado introducido por que):

está que no hay quien lo aguante he's (being) unbearable

el agua está que pela the water's scalding hot

vi

Sentido I (quedar ubicado)

A «edificio/pueblo» (quedar, estar ubicado) ; to be

la agencia está en el centro the agency is in the center

¿dónde está Camagüey? where's Camagüey?

el pueblo está a 20 kilómetros de aquí the town's 20 kilometers from here

B

1 «persona/objeto» (hallarse en cierto momento) to be

¿a qué hora tienes que estar allí? what time do you have to be there?

estando allí conoció a Micaela he met Micaela while he was there

¿dónde estábamos la clase pasada? where did we get to o had we got(ten) to in the last class?

2 (figurar) to be

esa palabra no está en el diccionario that word isn't in the dictionary

yo no estaba en la lista I wasn't on the list, my name didn't appear on the list

C

1

(hallarse en determinado lugar): fui a verla pero no estaba I went to see her but she wasn't there

¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?

¿estamos todos? are we all here?, is everyone here?

2

(Col, RPl) (acudir): el médico había estado a verla the doctor had been to see her

D

1

(quedarse, permanecer): sólo estaré unos días I'll only be staying a few days, I'll only be here/there a few days

¿cuánto tiempo estuviste en Londres? how long were you in London?

2

(vivir): ya no vivimos allí, ahora estamos en Soca we don't live there anymore, we're in o we live in Soca now

de momento estoy con mi hermana at the moment I'm staying with my sister

Sentido II [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]

(en el tiempo): ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?

¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today o today's date?, what date is it today?

estamos a 28 de mayo it's May 28th ( AmE) o ( BrE) the 28th of May

estamos a mediados de mes we're halfway through the month

estamos en primavera it's spring, spring has come

¿en qué mes estamos? what month are we in o is it?

ellos están en primavera ahora it's spring for them now, it's their spring now

Sentido III

A

(existir, haber): y después está el problema de la financiación and then there's the problem of finance

dejar

B (tener como función, cometido) estar PARA algo:

para eso estamos that's what we're here for

para eso están los amigos that's what friends are for

ya que estamos/estás while we're/you're at it o ( BrE) about it

C

(radicar): ahí está el quid del asunto that's the crux of the matter

estar EN algo:

la dificultad está en hacerlo sin mirar the difficult thing is to do it o the difficulty lies in doing it without looking

todo está en que él quiera ayudarnos it all depends on whether he wants to help us or not

D

(estar listo, terminado): la carne todavía no está the meat's not ready yet

lo atas con un nudo aquí y ya está you tie a knot in it here and that's it o there you are

enseguida estoy I'll be with you in a minute o in a second, I'll be right with you

¡ya está! ¡ya sé lo que podemos hacer! I've got it! I know what we can do!

¡ahí está! that's it!

E

(quedar entendido): quiero que estés de vuelta a las diez ¿estamos? or (Ur) ¿está? I want you to be back by ten, all right?

que no vuelva a suceder ¿estamos? don't let it happen again, understand? o is that understood? o ( colloq) got it?

F

( Esp) (quedar) (+ me/te/le etc), (+ compl): esa falda te está grande/pequeña that skirt's too big/too small for you

la 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you better

G ( frml) ( Derecho) estar A algo:

se estará a lo estipulado en la cláusula 20 the stipulations of clause 20 will apply

■

v aux

A

(con gerundio): está lloviendo it's raining

no hagas ruido, están durmiendo don't make any noise, they're asleep

se está afeitando/duchando or está afeitándose/duchándose he's shaving/taking a shower

estuve un rato hablando con él I was talking o I talked to him for a while

¿qué estará pensando? I wonder what she's thinking

ya estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible

ya te estás quitando de ahí, que ése es mi lugar ( fam); OK, out of there/off there, that's my place ( colloq)

B

(con participio): ¿esta ropa está planchada? have these clothes been ironed?, are these clothes ironed?

la foto estaba tomada desde muy lejos the photo had been taken from a long way away o from a great distance

ese asiento está ocupado that seat is taken

ya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man now

está hecha una vaga she's got(ten) o become lazy

ver tb cópula B

■ estarse

v pron

A ( enf) (permanecer) to stay

se estuvo horas ahí sentado sin moverse he remained sitting there for hours without moving, he sat there for hours without moving

¿no te puedes estar quieto un momento? can't you stay o keep still for a minute?

estése tranquilo don't worry

B ( enf) ( RPl) (acudir) to be

estáte allí media hora antes be there o arrive half an hour before

estar²

masculine

( esp AmL)

living room

* * *

estar 1 ( conjugate estar) cópula
1
a) ( seguido de adjetivos)

◊ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1 to be;

estás más gordo you've put on weight;
estoy cansada I'm tired;
está muy simpático conmigo he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently);
¡todo está tan caro! things are o have become so expensive!
b) ( con

◊ bien, mal, mejor, peor): están todos bien, gracias they're all fine, thanks;

¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!;
está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive him;
ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
◊ está casada con un primo mío she's married to a cousin of mine

3 ( seguido de participios)
◊ estar sentado to be sitting;

estaban abrazados they had their arms around each other;
ver tb v aux 2
4 ( seguido de preposición) to be;
(para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente);
◊ estoy a régimen I'm on a diet;

¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?;
está con el sarampión she has (the) measles;
estoy de cocinera I'm doing the cooking;
estamos sin electricidad the electricity is off at the moment;
está sin pintar it hasn't been painted yet
verbo intransitivo
1 ( en un lugar) to be;
◊ ¿dónde está Chiapas? where's Chiapas?;

está a 20 kilómetros de aquí it's 20 kilometers from here;
¿sabes dónde está Pedro? do you know where Pedro is?;
¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?;
solo estaré unos días I'll only be staying a few days;
¿cuánto tiempo estarás en Londres? how long are you going to be in London (for)?
2 ( en el tiempo):
◊ ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?;

¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today?;
estamos a 28 de mayo it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May;
estamos en primavera it's spring
3
a) (tener como función, cometido):

◊ para eso están los amigos that's what friends are for;

estamos para ayudarlos we're here to help them
b) ( radicar) to lie;

◊ en eso está el problema that's where the problem lies

4 (estar listo, terminado):
◊ la carne todavía no está the meat's not ready yet;

lo atas con un nudo y ya está you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are;
enseguida estoy I'll be right with you
5 (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl):
◊ te está pequeña it's too small for you;

la 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you better
estar v aux
1 ( con gerundio):
◊ está lloviendo it's raining;

estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible
2 ( con participio):
◊ ese asiento está ocupado that seat is taken;

ya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man now;
ver tb estar cópula 3
estarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ( permanecer) to stay;
◊ ¿no te puedes estar quieto? can't you stay o keep still?;

estese tranquilo don't worry
estar 2 sustantivo masculino (esp AmL) living room
estar verbo intransitivo
1 (existir, hallarse) to be: está al norte, it is to the north
¿estarás en casa?, will you be at home?
no está en ningún lado, it isn't anywhere
estamos aquí para servirle, we are at your service
su pedido aún no está, your order isn't ready yet
2 (permanecer) to stay: estos días estoy en casa de mis padres, these days I'm staying at my parents' place
estoy en la oficina de ocho a dos, I'm at the office from eight to two
quiero que estés aquí un minuto, ahora vuelvo, stay here, I'll be right back
3 (tener una situación actual determinada: con adjetivo o participio) estaba blanco como la cera, he had turned as white as a sheet
está dormido, he's asleep
está teñida de rubio, her hair's dyed blonde
(con gerundio) está estudiando, he is studying
estaba preparando la comida, I was cooking
(con adverbio) estoy tan lejos, I'm so far away
está muy mal, (enfermo) he is very ill
4 (quedar, sentar) el jersey me está pequeño, the sweater is too small for me
5 (para indicar precio, grados, fecha) (+ a: fecha) to be: ¿a qué día estamos?, what's the date?
estamos a 1 de Julio, it is the first of July
(: precio) to be at: ¿a cómo/cuánto están las manzanas?, how much are the apples?
están a setenta pesetas el kilo, they're seventy pesetas a kilo
(: grados) en Madrid estamos a cuarenta grados, it's forty degrees in Madrid
♦ Locuciones: ¿estamos?, agreed?
estar a disposición de, to be at the disposal of
estar a la que salta, to be ready to take advantage of an opportunity
estar a las duras y a las maduras, to take the bad with the good
estar al caer, to be just round the corner
estar en baja, to be waning
estar en todo, to be on top of everything
estaría bueno, whatever next
ESTAR CON: (de acuerdo con) estoy con María, I agree with Mary
ESTAR DE: estoy de broma, I'm joking
está de camarero, he's working as a waiter
estaba de Dios que las cosas sucedieran así, it was God's will that things turned out this way, está de vacaciones, he's on holiday
me voy a marchar porque está claro que aquí estoy de más, I'm going to go because it's obvious that I'm in the way
ESTAR ENCIMA: su madre siempre está encima de él, his mother is always on top of him
ESTAR PARA: no estamos para bromas, we are in no mood for jokes
esa ropa está para planchar, these clothes are ready to be ironed
cuando estaba para salir, me llamaron, when I was just about to leave, they called me
ESTAR POR: la casa está por construir, the house has still to be built
estuve por decirle lo que pensaba, I was tempted to tell him what I thought
estoy por la igualdad de derechos, I'm for equal rights
ESTAR QUE: está que no puede con su alma, he is exhausted
familiar está que trina, he's hopping mad
ESTAR TRAS: está tras el ascenso, he is after promotion
estoy tras una blusa blanca, I'm looking for a white blouse
El uso del verbo to stay como traducción de estar en un lugar es incorrecto, a menos que quieras expresar lo contrario de irse o marcharse (no me voy a la playa, estaré en casa todo el verano, I'm not going to the beach, I'm staying at home all summer) o te refieras a alojarse: Estoy en el Palace. I'm staying at the Palace.

' estar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abismo
- acatarrada
- acatarrado
- acecho
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acostada
- acostado
- acostumbrada
- acostumbrado
- activa
- activo
- afónica
- afónico
- agradecer
- agua
- aire
- ajo
- ala
- alero
- alerta
- amiga
- amigo
- andar
- antena
- apañada
- apañado
- apogeo
- ascua
- atar
- aviar
- azotea
- Babia
- baja
- bandera
- banquillo
- barco
- blanca
- bordear
- borracha
- borracho
- bote
- braga
- brecha
- brete
- buena
- bueno
- cabal
- cabeza
- cabo
English:
about
- accustom
- action
- agree
- agreement
- ahead
- air
- alert
- alive
- alone
- aloof
- amenable
- amiss
- antsy
- anxious
- approve
- associate
- attend
- away
- back
- ball
- barbecue
- be
- bean
- beck
- beg
- behind
- believe in
- beside
- best
- board
- boil
- book
- boom
- bored
- brain
- breath
- bristle with
- broke
- brown
- bulge
- burn
- by
- cake
- call
- change
- charge
- cheese off
- clash
- close

* * *

estar¹

♦ vi

1. [hallarse] to be;

¿dónde está la llave? where is the key?;

¿está María? – no, no está is Maria there? – no, she's not here

2. [con fechas]
¿a qué estamos hoy? what's the date today?;

hoy estamos a martes/a 15 de julio today is Tuesday/15 July;

estábamos en octubre it was October;

estamos en invierno it's winter

3. [quedarse] to stay, to be;

estaré un par de horas y me iré I'll stay a couple of hours and then I'll go;

¿cuánto tiempo piensas estar? how long do you plan on staying?;

estuvimos una semana en su casa we stayed with her for a week, we spent a week at her place

4. (antes de “a”) [expresa valores, grados]
estamos a 20 grados it's 20 degrees here;

el dólar está a 10 pesos the dollar is at 10 pesos;

están a dos euros el kilo they're two euros a kilo

5. [hallarse listo] to be ready;

¿aún no está ese trabajo? is that piece of work still not ready?;

¿ya estás? pues, vámonos are you ready? let's go then

6. [servir]
estar para to be (there) for;

para eso están los amigos that's what friends are for;

para eso estoy that's what I'm here for;

la vida está para vivirla life is for living;

no tires eso al suelo, que las papeleras están para algo don't throw that on the floor, the wastepaper bins are there for a reason

7. (antes de gerundio) [expresa duración] to be;

están golpeando la puerta they're banging on the door

8. (antes de “sin” + infinitivo) [expresa negación]
estoy sin dormir desde ayer I haven't slept since yesterday;

está sin acabar it's not finished;

estuve sin voz dos días I had no voice o I lost my voice for two days

9. [faltar]
eso está aún por escribir that has yet to be written;

eso está por ver that remains to be seen;

todavía está por hacer it hasn't been done yet

10. [consistir]
estar en to be, to lie in;

el problema está en la fecha the problem is the date;

el truco está en no mirar nunca al suelo the trick o secret is not to look at the ground

11. [hallarse a punto de]
estar al llegar o [m5] caer [persona] to be about to arrive;
[acontecimiento] to be about to happen;
estar por hacer algo to be on the verge of doing sth;

estuve por pegarle I was on the verge of hitting him;

estoy por no ir I'm not so sure I want to go;

estuve por llamarte I was about to phone you, I was just going to phone you

12. [expresa disposición]
estar para algo to be in the mood for sth;

no estoy para bromas I'm not in the mood for jokes;

el enfermo no está para ver a nadie the patient is in no condition to see anyone

13. [ser favorable]
estar por to be in favour of;

estoy por la libertad de expresión I'm in favour of o for freedom of speech

14. [hallarse embarazada]
está de cinco meses she's five months pregnant

15. RP [ir]
estuve a verlo en el hospital I went to see him in hospital;

estuvieron a visitarlo they went to visit him

♦ v copulativo

1. (antes de adj) [expresa cualidad, estado] to be;

los pasteles están ricos the cakes are delicious;

esta calle está sucia this street is dirty;

¡qué alta estás! you've really grown!;

estoy cansado/enfadado I'm tired/angry;

¿qué tal estás? how are you?;

está muy irritable últimamente she's been very irritable lately;

está divorciado he's divorced;

estoy enfermo/mareado I am ill/I feel sick;
Andes
cuando estaba chiquito when I was little

2. (antes de “con” o “sin” + sustantivo) [expresa estado] to be;

estamos sin agua we have no water, we're without water;
Fam
estoy sin blanca I'm broke, Br I'm skint

3. [expresa situación, acción]
estar de vacaciones to be on holiday;

estar de viaje to be on a trip;

estar de mudanza to be (in the process of) moving;

estamos de suerte we're in luck;

estar de mal humor to be in a (bad) mood;

¿has cambiado la rueda? – estoy en ello have you changed the tyre? – I'm working on it o I'm doing it right now;

¡ya está bien! that's enough (of that)!

4. [expresa permanencia]
estar en uso to be in use;

estar en guardia to be on guard

5. [expresa apoyo, predilección]
estoy contigo I'm on your side

6. [expresa ocupación]
estar como o [m5]de to be;

está como o [m5] de cajera she's a checkout girl;

yo he estado de portero toda la primera parte I've been in goal all of the first half

7. Esp [ropa]
este traje te está bien this suit looks good on you;

esa falda te está corta that skirt's too short for you;

¿cómo me está? how does this look?

8. (antes de “que” + verbo) [expresa actitud]
está que muerde porque ha suspendido he's furious because he failed

♦ v aux

1. (antes de gerundio) to be;

estuvo nevando it was snowing;

se está peinando she's brushing her hair;

estuvieron discutiendo durante toda la reunión they spent the whole meeting arguing, they were arguing throughout the whole meeting;

mañana a estas horas estaré bañándome en la playa this time tomorrow I'll be swimming at the beach

2. (antes de participio)
está terminado it's finished;

está organizado por el ayuntamiento it's organized by the town council

♦ See also the pronominal verb estarse

* * *

estar

v/i

1 situación temporal be;

¿cómo está Vd.? how are you?;

estoy mejor I’m (feeling) better;

estoy bien/mal I’m fine/I’m not feeling too great;

estar de tres meses be three months pregnant;

estar sin dinero have no money;

¡ya estoy! I’m ready!

2 situación espacial

:

¿está Javier? is Javier in?;

mi padre no está my father isn’t here;

¡ahí está! there it is!;

ahora estoy con Vd. I’ll be with you in just a moment;

¿dónde estábamos? where were we?

3

:

estar haciendo algo be doing sth;

estoy leyendo I’m reading

4 ( sentar)

:

te está grande it's too big for you;

el vestido te está bien the dress suits you

5

:

estar de ocupación work as, be;

está de camarero he’s working as a waiter

6 ( padecer de)

:

estar del corazón/estómago have heart/stomach problems

7 indicando fechas, precios

:

estamos a 3 de enero it’s January 3rd;

el kilo está a un peso they’re one peso a kilo

8

:

estar con alguien agree with s.o.; ( apoyar) support s.o.;

estar a bien/mal con alguien be on good/bad terms with s.o.;

estar en algo be working on sth;

estar para hacer algo be about to do sth;

no estar para algo not be in a mood for sth;

estar por algo be in favor of sth;

está por hacer it hasn’t been done yet;

¡ya está! that’s it!

* * *

estar {34} v aux

: to be

estoy aprendiendo inglés: I'm learning English

está terminado: it's finished

estar vi

1) (indicating a state or condition) : to be

está muy alto: he's so tall, he's gotten very tall

¿ya estás mejor?: are you feeling better now?

estoy casado: I'm married

2) (indicating location) : to be

están en la mesa: they're on the table

estamos en la página 2: we're on page 2

3) : to be at home

¿está María?: is Maria in?

4) : to remain

estaré aquí 5 días: I'll be here for 5 days

5) : to be ready, to be done

estará para las diez: it will be ready by ten o'clock

6) : to agree

¿estamos?: are we in agreement?

estoy contigo: I'm with you

7)

¿cómo estás? : how are you?

8)

¡está bien! : all right!, that's fine!

9)

estar a : to cost

10)

estar a : to be

¿a qué dia estamos?: what's today's date?

11)

estar con : to have

está con fiebre: she has a fever

12)

estar de : to be

estoy de vacaciones: I'm on vacation

está de director hoy: he's acting as director today

13)

estar bien (mal) : to be well (sick)

14)

estar para : to be in the mood for

15)

estar por : to be in favor of

16)

estar por : to be about to

está por cerrar: it's on the verge of closing

17)

estar de más : to be unnecessary

18)

estar que : to be (in a state or condition)

está que echa chispas: he's hopping mad

♦ See also the reflexive verb estarse

* * *

estar vb

1. (en general) to be

estoy bien I'm fine

¿estás cansada? are you tired?

está en Londres he's in London

la falda te está grande the skirt's too big for you

2. (uso auxiliar) to be

está comiendo he's eating

está durmiendo she's asleep

3. (en casa, en el trabajo) to be in / to be there / to be here

¿está Pepe? is Pepe in? / is Pepe there?

¿está tu madre en casa? is your mother in?

no está en este momento he's not here right now

4. (listo, preparado) to be ready

en seguida está it'll be ready in a moment

5. (aspecto) to look

¡qué guapo estás! you look very smart!

estar a... to be...

estamos a viernes it's Friday

estamos a 10 grados the temperature's 10 degrees

¿a cuánto están los tomates? how much are the tomatoes?

estar de... to be...

estamos de vacaciones we're on holiday

está de exámenes she's doing exams

estar de más (no ser necesario) to be unnecessary (estorbar) to be in the way

estar por ver to remain to be seen

no estar para algo (apetecer) not to be in the mood for something (estar a punto) to be about to

Spanish-English dictionary > estar
9 avanzar

v.

1 to advance.

las tropas continúan avanzando the troops are still advancing

el tráfico no avanzaba the traffic wasn't moving

Mi chico avanza en la escuela My boy advances in school.

Ricardo avanzó las ventas Richard advanced=promoted sales.

2 to make progress.

está avanzando mucho en sus estudios she's making very good progress with her studies

esta tecnología avanza a gran velocidad this technology is developing very quickly

3 to pass (time).

el tiempo avanza muy deprisa time passes quickly

a medida que avanza el siglo as the century draws on

4 to move forward.

El coche avanza lentamente The car moves forward slowly.

* * *

avanzar

Conjugation model [ REALIZAR], like realizar

► verbo intransitivo

1 to advance, go forward

► verbo transitivo

1 (mover adelante) to advance, move forward

2 (dinero) to advance

3 (promover) to promote

4 (una propuesta) to put forward

► verbo pronominal avanzarse

1 (adelantarse) to go forward, advance; (día, noche) to draw in

* * *

verb

1) to advance, move forward

2) progress

* * *

1. VT

1) (=mover) to move forward, advance

avanzó la ficha cuatro casillas — he moved the counter forward four spaces, he advanced the counter four spaces

avanza un poco tu silla — move your chair forward a bit

2) [+ dinero] to advance

3) [+ opinión, propuesta] to put forward

4) [+ resultado] to predict; [+ predicción] to make

5) Caribe (=vomitar) to vomit

2. VI

1) (=ir hacia adelante) to advance, move forward

el ejército avanzó de madrugada — the army advanced o moved forward at dawn

no me esperéis, seguid avanzando — don't wait for me, carry on

2) (=progresar) to make progress

estudio mucho pero no avanzo — I work hard but I don't make any progress o headway

ha avanzado mucho en química — she has made great progress in chemistry

las conversaciones de paz no parecen avanzar — the peace talks do not seem to be progressing o making (any) progress

la genética avanza a ritmo vertiginoso — genetics is progressing o advancing at a dizzy speed

3) [noche, invierno] to draw on, approach

3.

See:

avanzarse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) persona/tráfico to advance, move forward

avanzar hacia la democracia — to move o advance toward(s) democracy

las tropas avanzan hacia la capital — the troops are advancing on the capital

b) ciencia/medicina to advance

c) cinta/rollo to wind on

d) persona (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; negociaciones/proyecto to progress

e) tiempo to draw on
2.
avanzar vt

a) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advance

avanzaron unos pasos — they moved forward a few steps

b) ( mover) to move... forward, advance

avanzó un peón — he moved o pushed a pawn forward

c) < propuesta> to put forward

* * *

= gain + ground, get + far, go forward, make + gains, make + progress, move ahead, move on, move onwardly, move up, page (through), progress, advance, proceed, press on, come along, fast-forward, take + a step forward, get + ahead, move forward, make + step, take + strides, make + advances, develop, move along, get + unstuck, press forward (with), move + forward, go forth, make + headway.

Ex. Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.

Ex. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.

Ex. Thus, if you want to reply yes, enter a 'y'; if you want to go forward, enter 'f'.

Ex. Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.

Ex. We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.

Ex. It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.

Ex. Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.

Ex. In its simplest statement, the prime goal of any act of education is that it should serve us in the future... takes us somewhere... let us move onwardly more easily.

Ex. Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.

Ex. The system displays the records in brief format and the user can 'page' through the matches until the required record is found.

Ex. It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.

Ex. All this is not to be impulsively regretted since specialized studies can advance in no other way, but synthesis becomes increasingly important and dishearteningly more difficult.

Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex. Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.

Ex. However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.

Ex. Modern machines have an automatic facility for fast-forward and rewind as well as a manual control for slower, more precise location of the required information on the microfilm.

Ex. LCSH has taken a further step forward with the use of computer-controlled typesetting.

Ex. Low-income urban families simply do not have any use for the traditional library or indeed any motivation for self-improvement and getting ahead = Las familias urbanas con ingresos bajos simplemente no tienen la necesidad de usar la biblioteca tradicional o de hecho no sienten motivación para la superación personal y para avanzar.

Ex. This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.

Ex. Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.

Ex. In the half century since the publication of McKerrow's Introduction bibliography has taken giant strides in many directions.

Ex. The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.

Ex. The economics journal system has not grown and developed in a structured fashion, which has resulted in overspill into report literature.

Ex. As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.

Ex. In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.

Ex. The company is pressing forward with the construction of an environment and a system that permit all employees to demonstrate their full capabilities.

Ex. Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.

Ex. Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.

Ex. Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.

----

* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.

* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a toda pastilla = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a todo gas = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a todo vapor = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a trancas y barrancas = flounder, grind on.

* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.

* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).

* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.

* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.

* avanzar en una carrera profesional = further + a career.

* avanzar fácilmente = coast.

* avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).

* avanzar hacia = move into, move toward(s).

* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.

* avanzar lentamente = creep, creep along.

* avanzar lenta y pesadamente = trundle.

* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.

* avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.

* avanzar poco a poco = shuffle along.

* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).

* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.

* avanzar rápidamente = gallop.

* avanzar viento en popa = steam ahead.

* conforme + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* dar vueltas sin avanzar = go round in + circles.

* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.

* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.

* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.

* hacer que + Nombre + avance = take + Nombre + a/one step forward.

* no avanzar = tread + water.

* no avanzar más = go + no further.

* que avanza lentamente = crawling.

* que avanza rápidamente = fast-developing.

* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

a) persona/tráfico to advance, move forward

avanzar hacia la democracia — to move o advance toward(s) democracy

las tropas avanzan hacia la capital — the troops are advancing on the capital

b) ciencia/medicina to advance

c) cinta/rollo to wind on

d) persona (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; negociaciones/proyecto to progress

e) tiempo to draw on
2.
avanzar vt

a) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advance

avanzaron unos pasos — they moved forward a few steps

b) ( mover) to move... forward, advance

avanzó un peón — he moved o pushed a pawn forward

c) < propuesta> to put forward

* * *

= gain + ground, get + far, go forward, make + gains, make + progress, move ahead, move on, move onwardly, move up, page (through), progress, advance, proceed, press on, come along, fast-forward, take + a step forward, get + ahead, move forward, make + step, take + strides, make + advances, develop, move along, get + unstuck, press forward (with), move + forward, go forth, make + headway.

Ex: Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.

Ex: If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.

Ex: Thus, if you want to reply yes, enter a 'y'; if you want to go forward, enter 'f'.

Ex: Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.

Ex: We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.

Ex: It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.

Ex: Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.

Ex: In its simplest statement, the prime goal of any act of education is that it should serve us in the future... takes us somewhere... let us move onwardly more easily.

Ex: Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.

Ex: The system displays the records in brief format and the user can 'page' through the matches until the required record is found.

Ex: It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.

Ex: All this is not to be impulsively regretted since specialized studies can advance in no other way, but synthesis becomes increasingly important and dishearteningly more difficult.

Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex: Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.

Ex: However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.

Ex: Modern machines have an automatic facility for fast-forward and rewind as well as a manual control for slower, more precise location of the required information on the microfilm.

Ex: LCSH has taken a further step forward with the use of computer-controlled typesetting.

Ex: Low-income urban families simply do not have any use for the traditional library or indeed any motivation for self-improvement and getting ahead = Las familias urbanas con ingresos bajos simplemente no tienen la necesidad de usar la biblioteca tradicional o de hecho no sienten motivación para la superación personal y para avanzar.

Ex: This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.

Ex: Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.

Ex: In the half century since the publication of McKerrow's Introduction bibliography has taken giant strides in many directions.

Ex: The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.

Ex: The economics journal system has not grown and developed in a structured fashion, which has resulted in overspill into report literature.

Ex: As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.

Ex: In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.

Ex: The company is pressing forward with the construction of an environment and a system that permit all employees to demonstrate their full capabilities.

Ex: Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.

Ex: Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.

Ex: Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.

* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.

* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a toda pastilla = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a todo gas = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a todo vapor = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.

* avanzar a trancas y barrancas = flounder, grind on.

* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.

* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).

* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.

* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.

* avanzar en una carrera profesional = further + a career.

* avanzar fácilmente = coast.

* avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).

* avanzar hacia = move into, move toward(s).

* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.

* avanzar lentamente = creep, creep along.

* avanzar lenta y pesadamente = trundle.

* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.

* avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.

* avanzar poco a poco = shuffle along.

* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).

* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.

* avanzar rápidamente = gallop.

* avanzar viento en popa = steam ahead.

* conforme + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.

* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.

* dar vueltas sin avanzar = go round in + circles.

* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.

* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.

* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.

* hacer que + Nombre + avance = take + Nombre + a/one step forward.

* no avanzar = tread + water.

* no avanzar más = go + no further.

* que avanza lentamente = crawling.

* que avanza rápidamente = fast-developing.

* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.

* * *

avanzar [A4 ]

vi

1 «tropas/persona/tráfico» to advance, move forward avanzar HACIA algo:

las tropas avanzan hacia la capital the troops are advancing on the capital

el país avanza hacia la democracia the country is moving o advancing toward(s) democracy

2 ( Fot) «rollo» to wind on

3 «persona» (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; «negociaciones/proyecto» to progress

no estoy avanzando mucho con este trabajo I'm not making much progress o headway o I'm not getting very far with this work

4 «tiempo» to draw on

■ avanzar

vt

1 (adelantarse) to move forward, advance

avanzaron unos pasos they moved forward o advanced a few steps, they took a few steps forward

2 (mover) to move … forward, advance

avanzó un peón he moved o pushed a pawn forward, he advanced a pawn

3 ‹propuesta› to put forward

* * *

avanzar ( conjugate avanzar) verbo intransitivo
a) [persona/tráfico] to advance, move forward

b) [ciencia/medicina] to advance

c) [cinta/rollo] to wind on

d) [ persona] (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress;

[negociaciones/proyecto] to progress
e) [ tiempo] to draw on

verbo transitivo
a) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advance

b) ( mover) to move … forward, advance

avanzar verbo transitivo to advance, make progress
' avanzar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
sacudida
- salto
- tantear
- adelantar
English:
advance
- come forward
- crawl
- edge
- freewheel
- go forward
- headway
- move
- move along
- pace
- proceed
- progress
- struggle along
- struggle on
- surge
- wind
- fast
- head
- hover
- inch
- lumber
- scroll
- somewhere

* * *

avanzar

♦ vi

1. [moverse] to advance;

las tropas continúan avanzando the troops are still advancing;

el tráfico no avanzaba the traffic wasn't moving

2. [progresar] to make progress;

está avanzando mucho en sus estudios she's making very good progress with her studies;

esta tecnología avanza a gran velocidad this technology is developing very quickly

3. [tiempo] to pass;

el tiempo avanza muy deprisa time passes very quickly;

a medida que avanza el siglo as the century draws on

4. [carrete] to wind on

♦ vt

1. [adelantar] to move forward;

las tropas avanzaron sus posiciones the troops advanced their position;

avanzaron varias posiciones en la clasificación de liga they moved up several places in the league

2. [noticias]
avanzar algo a alguien to inform sb of sth in advance;

les avanzó los resultados del estudio she informed them of the results of the study before it was published

3. [carrete] to wind on

* * *

avanzar

I v/t

1 move forward, advance;

avanzar un pie take a step forward

2 dinero advance

II v/i

1 advance, move forward; MIL advance ( hacia on)

2 en trabajo make progress

* * *

avanzar {21} v

: to advance, to move forward

* * *

avanzar vb

1. (progresar) to make progress / to get on

ha avanzado mucho en inglés he's made good progress in English

2. (ir hacia delante) to advance / to move forward

avanzó la ficha he moved the counter forward

Spanish-English dictionary > avanzar
10 despertar

m.

1 awakening.

El despertar de sus sentidos fue lento The awakening of his senses was slow

2 emergence.

v.

1 to wake (up) (persona, animal).

despiértame a la seis, por favor could you wake me (up) at six, please?

2 to arouse.

despertar odio/pasión to arouse hatred/passion

el ejercicio me despierta el apetito exercise gives me an appetite

despertar a alguien las ganas de hacer algo to make somebody want to do something

Su belleza despertó su pasión Her beauty aroused his passion.

3 to revive, to awaken (recuerdo).

esta canción despierta en mí buenos recuerdos this song brings back happy memories

4 to wake up, to arouse, to awaken, to awake.

El ruido despertó a Ricardo The noise woke up Richard.

Elsa amaneció Elsa woke up..

* * *

despertar

Conjugation model [ ACERTAR], like link=acertar acertar

► verbo transitivo

1 to wake, wake up, awaken

2 (apetito) to whet

3 figurado (pasiones, deseos, etc) to arouse; (interés) to awake; (recuerdos) to bring back

■ su actitud despertó la duda his attitude raised doubts

► verbo intransitivo

1 to wake up, awake

► verbo pronominal despertarse

1 to wake up, awake

■ me desperté a las siete I woke up at seven

* * *

verb

1) to arouse

2) awaken, wake

•

- despertarse

* * *

1. VT

1) [del sueño] to wake, wake up, awaken liter

2) (=recordar, incitar) [+ esperanzas] to raise; [+ recuerdo] to revive; [+ sentimiento] to arouse

me despertó el apetito — it whetted my appetite

2.

VI

See:

despertarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) < persona> to wake, wake... up

despiértame a las ocho — wake me (up) at eight o'clock

b) <sentimientos/pasiones> to arouse; < apetito> to whet; < recuerdos> to evoke; < interés> to awaken, stir up

un discurso que despertó fuertes polémicas — a speech which sparked off fierce controversy
2.
despertar vi

a) ( del sueño) to wake (up); ( de la anestesia) to come round

b) (liter) (a la realidad, al amor) to wake up to
3.
despertarse v pron

a) ( del sueño) to wake (up)

b) ( espabilarse) to wake (oneself) up

* * *

= arouse, awakening, spark off, wake up, awaken, awake, rouse, stir up, incite, beckon forth.

Ex. The appearance of this volume aroused such a furor within and without the British Museum that further publication of the catalog was suspended.

Ex. Puberty, he describes as 'dreamy and sentimental' and though this may seem a far cry from the teenagers we would recognize that adolescence brings an awakening of emotions, idealism and commitment to a romantic ideal.

Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.

Ex. I do anticipate, however, that we will wake up sooner or later to this enormous competitive threat.

Ex. In the beginning it does not matter what kind of literature causes this to happen; the great thing is that the critical sense has been awakened.

Ex. Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.

Ex. The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.

Ex. The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.

Ex. It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.

Ex. Our academic curriculum and is designed to stimulate, challenge, and beckon forth the best from each student.

----

* despertar a la realidad = wake up to + reality, wake up to + the realities.

* despertar de = jolt out of.

* despertar dudas = stir + doubts.

* despertar el deseo = arouse + hunger.

* despertar el entusiasmo = capture + the imagination, work up + an enthusiasm.

* despertar el hambre = work up + an appetite.

* despertar el interés = provoke + interest, stimulate + interest, stir + interest, whet + the appetite, heighten + interest, rouse + interest, capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, work up + an interest, pique + interest.

* despertar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* despertar entusiasmo = arouse + enthusiasm.

* despertar interés = arouse + interest, attract + interest, raise + interest, spark + interest.

* despertar interés por = kindle + interest in.

* despertar la atención = arouse + attention, give + wake-up call.

* despertar la curiosidad = arouse + curiosity, provoke + curiosity, spark + curiosity, excite + attention, excite + curiosity, pique + curiosity, stir + Posesivo + curiosity.

* despertar la imaginación = fire + the imagination.

* despertar la motivación = spark + motivation.

* despertar la sed = work up + a thirst.

* despertar las emociones = stir + emotions.

* despertar la sensibilidad = release + feelings.

* despertar pasión = ignite + passion.

* despertarse = get on + the ball.

* despertarse con = wake up to.

* despertarse de = rouse from.

* despertarse sobresaltado = startle awake.

* despertarse sorprendido = startle awake.

* despertar sospechas = stir + suspicion, arouse + suspicion.

* despertar un sentimiento de = stir + a sense of.

* destinado a despertar el interés del usuario = highlight abstract.

* duro despertar = rude awakening.

* tener un duro despertar = rude awakening + be in store.

* volver a despertar = reawaken [re-awaken].

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) < persona> to wake, wake... up

despiértame a las ocho — wake me (up) at eight o'clock

b) <sentimientos/pasiones> to arouse; < apetito> to whet; < recuerdos> to evoke; < interés> to awaken, stir up

un discurso que despertó fuertes polémicas — a speech which sparked off fierce controversy
2.
despertar vi

a) ( del sueño) to wake (up); ( de la anestesia) to come round

b) (liter) (a la realidad, al amor) to wake up to
3.
despertarse v pron

a) ( del sueño) to wake (up)

b) ( espabilarse) to wake (oneself) up

* * *

= arouse, awakening, spark off, wake up, awaken, awake, rouse, stir up, incite, beckon forth.

Ex: The appearance of this volume aroused such a furor within and without the British Museum that further publication of the catalog was suspended.

Ex: Puberty, he describes as 'dreamy and sentimental' and though this may seem a far cry from the teenagers we would recognize that adolescence brings an awakening of emotions, idealism and commitment to a romantic ideal.

Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.

Ex: I do anticipate, however, that we will wake up sooner or later to this enormous competitive threat.

Ex: In the beginning it does not matter what kind of literature causes this to happen; the great thing is that the critical sense has been awakened.

Ex: Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.

Ex: The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.

Ex: The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.

Ex: It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.

Ex: Our academic curriculum and is designed to stimulate, challenge, and beckon forth the best from each student.

* despertar a la realidad = wake up to + reality, wake up to + the realities.

* despertar de = jolt out of.

* despertar dudas = stir + doubts.

* despertar el deseo = arouse + hunger.

* despertar el entusiasmo = capture + the imagination, work up + an enthusiasm.

* despertar el hambre = work up + an appetite.

* despertar el interés = provoke + interest, stimulate + interest, stir + interest, whet + the appetite, heighten + interest, rouse + interest, capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, work up + an interest, pique + interest.

* despertar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* despertar entusiasmo = arouse + enthusiasm.

* despertar interés = arouse + interest, attract + interest, raise + interest, spark + interest.

* despertar interés por = kindle + interest in.

* despertar la atención = arouse + attention, give + wake-up call.

* despertar la curiosidad = arouse + curiosity, provoke + curiosity, spark + curiosity, excite + attention, excite + curiosity, pique + curiosity, stir + Posesivo + curiosity.

* despertar la imaginación = fire + the imagination.

* despertar la motivación = spark + motivation.

* despertar la sed = work up + a thirst.

* despertar las emociones = stir + emotions.

* despertar la sensibilidad = release + feelings.

* despertar pasión = ignite + passion.

* despertarse = get on + the ball.

* despertarse con = wake up to.

* despertarse de = rouse from.

* despertarse sobresaltado = startle awake.

* despertarse sorprendido = startle awake.

* despertar sospechas = stir + suspicion, arouse + suspicion.

* despertar un sentimiento de = stir + a sense of.

* destinado a despertar el interés del usuario = highlight abstract.

* duro despertar = rude awakening.

* tener un duro despertar = rude awakening + be in store.

* volver a despertar = reawaken [re-awaken].

* * *

despertar¹ [A5 ]

vt

1 ‹persona› to wake, wake … up

despiértame a las ocho wake me (up) at eight o'clock

2 ‹sentimientos/pasiones› to arouse; ‹apetito› to whet; ‹recuerdos› to evoke; ‹interés› to awaken, stir up

un discurso que despertó fuertes polémicas a speech which sparked off o triggered o aroused o provoked fierce controversy

esa música despierta recuerdos de mi niñez that music reminds me of my childhood o brings back o evokes memories of my childhood

■ despertar

vi

1 (del sueño) to wake (up)

todavía no ha despertado de la anestesia she hasn't come round from the anesthetic yet

despertó sobresaltado he woke (up) o ( liter) awoke with a start

2 ( liter) (a la realidad, al amor) to wake up

■ despertarse

v pron

1 (del sueño) to wake (up)

se despertó de madrugada he woke (up) very early

2 (espabilarse) to wake (oneself) up

voy a darme una ducha a ver si me despierto I'm going to have a shower to try to wake (myself) up

despertar²

masculine

awakening

* * *

despertar ( conjugate despertar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹ persona› to wake, wake … up

b) ‹sentimientos/pasiones› to arouse;

‹ apetito› to whet;
‹ recuerdos› to evoke;
‹ interés› to awaken, stir up
verbo intransitivo ( del sueño) to wake (up);
( de la anestesia) to come round
despertarse verbo pronominal ( del sueño) to wake (up)
despertar
I verbo transitivo
1 to wake (up)
2 fig (un sentimiento, recuerdo) to arouse
II sustantivo masculino awakening: tiene muy mal despertar, he's always angry when he wakes up
' despertar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cerrarse
- despertarse
- escándalo
- espabilar
- grogui
- ininteligible
- umbral
- despierta
English:
arouse
- awake
- awaken
- awakening
- fire
- get up
- rouse
- roust
- stir
- stir up
- wake
- wake up
- excite
- get
- kindle
- provoke

* * *

despertar¹

♦ vt

1. [persona, animal] to wake (up);

despiértame a las seis, por favor could you wake me (up) at six, please?

2. [producir] [sentimientos] to arouse;
[recuerdos] to bring back, to revive; [expectación] to create, to arouse; [debate, polémica] to give rise to;
despertar odio/pasión to arouse hatred/passion;

el ejercicio me despierta el apetito exercise gives me an appetite;

despertar a alguien las ganas de hacer algo to make sb want to do sth;

esta canción despierta en mí buenos recuerdos this song brings back happy memories for me

♦ vi

1. [dejar de dormir] to wake (up);

¡despierta, que ya hemos llegado! wake up! we've arrived!;

despertó de repente de su sueño she suddenly woke from her dream

2. [espabilar] to wake o wise up

♦ See also the pronominal verb despertarse

* * *

despertar

I v/t

1 wake, waken

2 apetito whet; sospecha arouse; recuerdo reawaken, trigger

II v/i wake up

* * *

despertar {55} vi

: to awaken, to wake up

despertar vt

1) : to arouse, to wake

2) evocar: to elicit, to evoke

♦ See also the reflexive verb despertarse

* * *

despertar vb (persona) to wake [pt. woke; pp. woken] / to wake up

despiértame mañana a las ocho wake me up at eight o'clock tomorrow

Spanish-English dictionary > despertar
11 sentir

m.

feelings, sentiments.

v.

1 to feel.

sentimos mucha alegría/pena al enterarnos we were very happy/sad when we found out

sin sentir without noticing

Yo siento amargura I feel=sense bitterness.

Ella siente también She feels, too.

Yo sentí a Ricardo con mi mano I felt Richard with my hand.

2 to regret, to be sorry about.

sentimos mucho la muerte de su amigo we deeply regret the death of your friend

siento que no puedas venir I'm sorry you can't come

siento haberle hecho esperar sorry to keep you waiting

lo siento (mucho) I'm (really) sorry

3 to hear.

4 to be sorry to, to feel sorry to.

Yo siento irme I am sorry to go.

5 to be sorry for.

* * *

sentir

Conjugation model [ HERVIR], like link=hervir hervir

► nombre masculino

1 (sentimiento) feeling

2 (opinión) opinion, view

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to feel

■ sintió frío she felt cold

■ sentir amor to feel love

2 (lamentar) to regret, be sorry about, feel sorry

■ siento que no viniera I'm sorry she didn't come

■ lo siento mucho I'm very sorry

3 (oír) to hear

■ ¿sientes algo? can you hear anything?

4 (presentir) to feel, think, have a feeling that

■ siento que todo acabará bien I think everything will turn out all right

► verbo pronominal sentirse

1 to feel

■ me siento cansado I feel tired

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dejarse sentir / hacerse sentir figurado to make itself felt

en mi sentir in my opinion

¡lo siento! I'm sorry!

sentirse como en casa to feel at home

sentirse con ánimos de hacer algo to feel like doing something, feel up to doing something

sentirse mal to feel ill

sin sentir just like that

* * *

verb

1) to feel

2) feel sorry, regret

3) sense

•

- sentirse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ emoción, sensación, dolor] to feel

de repente he sentido frío — I suddenly felt cold

no siento la pierna — I can't feel my leg

empezó a sentir los efectos del alcohol — he began to feel the effects of the alcohol

sentí ganas de contárselo — I felt the urge to tell him about it

• dejarse sentir — to be felt

están empezando a dejarse sentir los efectos de la crisis — the effects of the crisis are beginning to be felt

en octubre ya se deja sentir el frío — by October it's already starting to get cold

• sentir hambre — to feel hungry

• sentir pena por algn — to feel pity for sb, feel sorry for sb

• sentir sed — to feel thirsty

2) (=percibir) to sense

sintió la presencia de alguien en la oscuridad — he sensed a presence in the darkness

quizá sintió que no le estaba diciendo la verdad — maybe she sensed that I wasn't telling her the truth

3) [con otros sentidos]

a) (=oír) to hear

no la sentí entrar — I didn't hear her come in

no se sentía el vuelo de una mosca — you could have heard a pin drop

b) esp LAm [+ olor] to smell; [+ sabor] to taste

¿sientes el olor a quemado? — can you smell burning?

no le siento ningún gusto a esto — this doesn't taste of anything to me

4) (=presentir)

siento que esto no acabará bien — I have a feeling that this isn't going to end well

5) [+ música, poesía] to have a feeling for

6) (=lamentar) to be sorry about, regret más frm

siento mucho lo que pasó — I'm really sorry about what happened

siento no haber podido ir — I'm sorry I wasn't able to go

siento informarle que no ha sido seleccionado — I'm sorry to tell you that you haven't been selected, I regret to inform you that you haven't been selected más frm

siento molestarlo, pero necesito su ayuda — I'm sorry to bother you, but I need your help

• lo siento — I'm sorry

lo siento muchísimo, ¡cuánto lo siento! — I'm so sorry

lo siento en el alma — I'm terribly sorry

• sentir que... — to be sorry that...

siento mucho que pienses de esa forma — I'm very sorry that you feel that way

2.

VI to feel

ni oía ni sentía nada — he could neither hear nor feel anything

ama y siente como cualquier ser humano — he feels love and emotion like any human being

el tiempo se me pasaba sin sentir — I didn't notice the time passing

3.

See:

sentirse

* * *
I 1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <dolor/pinchazo> to feel

sentir hambre/frío/sed — to feel hungry/cold/thirsty

sentí un dolor en la pierna — I felt a pain in my leg

empecé a sentir los efectos de la droga — I started to feel the effects of the drug

b) < emoción> to feel

sentimos una gran alegría — we were overjoyed

lo hizo para que él sintiera celos — she did it to make him feel jealous

se ve que siente lo que dice — you can tell he means what he says

c) ( presentir)

sentí que nos iba a pasar algo — I had a feeling something was going to happen to us

d) ( experimentar consecuencias)

los efectos de la crisis se dejarán sentir durante décadas — the effects of the crisis will be felt for decades

el descontento se hizo sentir pronto — their discontent soon made itself felt

2)

a) ( oír) <ruido/disparo> to hear

anoche te sentí llegar — I heard you come in last night

b) (esp AmL) ( percibir)

siento olor a gas — I can smell gas

le siento gusto a vainilla/ajo — I can taste vanilla/garlic

3) ( lamentar)

sentí mucho la muerte de tu padre — I was very sorry to hear of your father's death

ha sentido mucho la pérdida de su madre — she has been very affected by her mother's death

lo siento mucho — I'm really sorry

lo siento en el alma — I'm terribly sorry, I'm so sorry

sentí mucho no poder ayudarla — I was very sorry not to be able to help her

el director siente no poder recibirlo — the director regrets that he is unable to see you (frml)
2.
sentirse v pron

1) (+ compl) to feel

¿te sientes bien? — are you feeling o do you feel all right?

me siento mal — I don't feel well, I'm not feeling well

me siento enfermo/peor — I feel ill/worse

se sintió desfallecer — she felt as if she were about to faint

no me siento con ánimos — I don't feel up to it

no tiene por qué sentirse ofendida — she has no reason to feel hurt

me siento vigilada — I feel as if I am being watched

me siento identificada con él — I can identify with him

2) (Chi, Méx) ( ofenderse) to be offended o hurt

sentirse CON alguien — to be offended o upset with somebody
II
masculino ( sentimiento) feelings (pl), emotions (pl); (opinión, postura) feeling, view

* * *

= be sorry, sentiment, have + a feeling, regret.

Ex. I'm sorry to have disappointed you.

Ex. The song may have been forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on = Puede que la canción se haya olvidado pero entre los usuarios de bibliotecas el sentimiento perdura.

Ex. She had, suddenly, a new feeling, like a tardy response to the stimulus of an unfamiliar drug.

Ex. Sir Walter Greg also half regretted 'that 'bibliology' is past praying for' since it defined the study more precisely than the accepted word.

----

* decir que Uno se siente cómodo con Algo = express + comfort with.

* decir que Uno se siente confortable con Algo = express + comfort with.

* hacer que Alguien se sienta a gusto = put + Nombre + at ease.

* hacer sentir = make + feel.

* hacer sentir bien = make + Nombre + feel good.

* hacer sentir la presencia de = make + Posesivo + presence felt.

* hacer sentir mal = make + Nombre + feel bad.

* hacer sentir orgulloso = make + Nombre + proud.

* hacerse sentir = take + Posesivo + toll (on).

* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.

* nada sabe mejor que sentirse delgado = nothing tastes as good as thin feels.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = ignorance is bliss.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind.

* recortes presupuestarios + hacerse sentir = budget cut + bite.

* sentir ansiedad = feel + anxiety.

* sentir aversión por = have + aversion to.

* sentir cierta aprensión (por) = be apprehensive (about).

* sentir claustrofobia = feel + claustrophobic.

* sentir daño = feel + hurt.

* sentir el deseo de = have + an/the inclination to, get + the urge to.

* sentir entusiasmo por = be enamoured of/with.

* sentir envidia = feel + jealous.

* sentir envidia de = be envious of.

* sentir hambre = be hungry, feel + hungry.

* sentir hormigueo en la piel = tingle.

* sentir la inclinación de = be inclined to.

* sentir la necesidad de = feel + need for, feel + the need to, get + the urge to.

* sentir la sensación = feel.

* sentir las ganas de = get + the urge to.

* sentir lástima por = feel + sorry for, commiserate (with).

* sentir la tentación de = be tempted to.

* sentir los efectos de = feel + the effects of.

* sentir más ganas de hacer Algo = grow in + appetite.

* sentir miedo = be in fear.

* sentir motivación = have + motivation.

* sentir obligación = feel + compulsion.

* sentir pasión por = be passionate about.

* sentir pena por = feel + sorry for.

* sentir predilección por = be partial to.

* sentir preferencia por = have + a preference for.

* sentir que no tienen en cuenta a Alguien = feel + left out.

* sentir remordimiento = feel + remorse.

* sentir reticencia hacia = recoil.

* sentirse = feel, feel + a sense of, feel like.

* sentirse acorralado = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.

* sentirse afligido = feel + hurt.

* sentirse a gusto = feel + at home, be at ease.

* sentirse a gusto con = be comfortable with.

* sentirse aislado = feel + left out.

* sentirse aliviado = be relieved.

* sentirse amenazado = feel + threatened.

* sentirse atraído = be engaged.

* sentirse atraído por = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to, take + a liking to, gravitate to(wards).

* sentirse avergonzado = be ashamed, feel + embarrassed.

* sentirse bien = feel + good, wellness, feel + right, get + high.

* sentirse bien con Uno mismo = feel + right.

* sentirse cansado = feel + tired.

* sentirse cohibido = feel + shy.

* sentirse cómodo con = be comfortable with.

* sentirse como en casa = feel + at home, feel like + home (away) from home.

* sentirse como flotando en las nubes = float on + air.

* sentirse como nuevo = be right as rain.

* sentirse como pez en el agua = take to + Nombre + like ducks to water.

* sentirse confortable = be at ease.

* sentirse confuso = feel at + sea, be all at sea.

* sentirse cortado = self-conscious.

* sentirse culpable = feel + guilty.

* sentirse culpable por = feel + guilt over.

* sentir sed = be thirsty.

* sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse desalentado = be discouraged.

* sentirse descontento con = experience + dissatisfaction with.

* sentirse desilusionado = become + chagrined.

* sentirse destrozado = be gutted, feel + gutted.

* sentirse dolido = feel + hurt.

* sentirse emocionado = be thrilled.

* sentirse encantado = be thrilled.

* sentirse en plena forma = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse entusiasmado = be thrilled.

* sentirse excelente = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse fantástico = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.

* sentirse halagado por = be complimented by.

* sentirse hecho polvo = be gutted, feel + gutted.

* sentirse identificado = hit it off.

* sentirse ignorado = feel + left out.

* sentirse importante = feel + important.

* sentirse inclinado a = be inclined to.

* sentirse incómodo = look + uncomfortable.

* sentirse incómodo con = be uncomfortable with, feel + uncomfortable with.

* sentirse indignado (por) = be indignant (at).

* sentirse indispuesto = feel under + the weather, be under the weather.

* sentirse integrado = sense of belonging.

* sentirse intimidado = be in awe.

* sentirse mal = feel + bad, feel under + the weather, be under the weather, feel + wrong.

* sentirse mal con Uno mismo = feel + wrong.

* sentirse mareado = feel + giddy, feel + dizzy.

* sentirse más seguro de = gain + confidence (with/in).

* sentirse molesto = stir + uneasily, look + uncomfortable, feel + wrong.

* sentirse molesto por = be embarrassed at.

* sentirse ofendido = be aggrieved.

* sentirse orgulloso = swell with + pride.

* sentirse orgulloso de = be proud (of/to), take + pride in.

* sentirse partícipe = sense of ownership.

* sentirse perdido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head, feel at + sea, be all at sea.

* sentirse rechazado = feel + left out.

* sentirse reconfortado = take + heart.

* sentirse resentido = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.

* sentirse sobrecogido = stand in + awe.

* sentirse traicionado = feel + a sense of betrayal.

* sentirse violento = look + uncomfortable.

* sentirse violento por = be embarrassed at.

* sentirse vivo = feel + alive.

* sentir simpatía por = have + warm feelings towards.

* sentir una emoción = feel + emotion.

* sentir una sensación de = experience + sense of.

* sentir un cosquilleo en el estómago = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.

* sentir un escalofrío = experience + shiver.

* sentir un impulso = have + an impulse.

* sentir vergüenza = feel + embarrassed.

* sentir vergüenza ajena = feel + embarrassed for + Nombre.

* siento + Infinitivo = sorry + Infinitivo.

* sin sentir ningún reparo = unashamed.

* sin sentir vergüenza = shamelessly.

* * *
I 1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <dolor/pinchazo> to feel

sentir hambre/frío/sed — to feel hungry/cold/thirsty

sentí un dolor en la pierna — I felt a pain in my leg

empecé a sentir los efectos de la droga — I started to feel the effects of the drug

b) < emoción> to feel

sentimos una gran alegría — we were overjoyed

lo hizo para que él sintiera celos — she did it to make him feel jealous

se ve que siente lo que dice — you can tell he means what he says

c) ( presentir)

sentí que nos iba a pasar algo — I had a feeling something was going to happen to us

d) ( experimentar consecuencias)

los efectos de la crisis se dejarán sentir durante décadas — the effects of the crisis will be felt for decades

el descontento se hizo sentir pronto — their discontent soon made itself felt

2)

a) ( oír) <ruido/disparo> to hear

anoche te sentí llegar — I heard you come in last night

b) (esp AmL) ( percibir)

siento olor a gas — I can smell gas

le siento gusto a vainilla/ajo — I can taste vanilla/garlic

3) ( lamentar)

sentí mucho la muerte de tu padre — I was very sorry to hear of your father's death

ha sentido mucho la pérdida de su madre — she has been very affected by her mother's death

lo siento mucho — I'm really sorry

lo siento en el alma — I'm terribly sorry, I'm so sorry

sentí mucho no poder ayudarla — I was very sorry not to be able to help her

el director siente no poder recibirlo — the director regrets that he is unable to see you (frml)
2.
sentirse v pron

1) (+ compl) to feel

¿te sientes bien? — are you feeling o do you feel all right?

me siento mal — I don't feel well, I'm not feeling well

me siento enfermo/peor — I feel ill/worse

se sintió desfallecer — she felt as if she were about to faint

no me siento con ánimos — I don't feel up to it

no tiene por qué sentirse ofendida — she has no reason to feel hurt

me siento vigilada — I feel as if I am being watched

me siento identificada con él — I can identify with him

2) (Chi, Méx) ( ofenderse) to be offended o hurt

sentirse CON alguien — to be offended o upset with somebody
II
masculino ( sentimiento) feelings (pl), emotions (pl); (opinión, postura) feeling, view

* * *

= be sorry, sentiment, have + a feeling, regret.

Ex: I'm sorry to have disappointed you.

Ex: The song may have been forgotten but among library users the sentiment lingers on = Puede que la canción se haya olvidado pero entre los usuarios de bibliotecas el sentimiento perdura.

Ex: She had, suddenly, a new feeling, like a tardy response to the stimulus of an unfamiliar drug.

Ex: Sir Walter Greg also half regretted 'that 'bibliology' is past praying for' since it defined the study more precisely than the accepted word.

* decir que Uno se siente cómodo con Algo = express + comfort with.

* decir que Uno se siente confortable con Algo = express + comfort with.

* hacer que Alguien se sienta a gusto = put + Nombre + at ease.

* hacer sentir = make + feel.

* hacer sentir bien = make + Nombre + feel good.

* hacer sentir la presencia de = make + Posesivo + presence felt.

* hacer sentir mal = make + Nombre + feel bad.

* hacer sentir orgulloso = make + Nombre + proud.

* hacerse sentir = take + Posesivo + toll (on).

* los efectos negativos se están dejando sentir ahora = chickens come home to roost.

* nada sabe mejor que sentirse delgado = nothing tastes as good as thin feels.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = ignorance is bliss.

* ojos que no ven corazón que no siente = out of sight out of mind.

* recortes presupuestarios + hacerse sentir = budget cut + bite.

* sentir ansiedad = feel + anxiety.

* sentir aversión por = have + aversion to.

* sentir cierta aprensión (por) = be apprehensive (about).

* sentir claustrofobia = feel + claustrophobic.

* sentir daño = feel + hurt.

* sentir el deseo de = have + an/the inclination to, get + the urge to.

* sentir entusiasmo por = be enamoured of/with.

* sentir envidia = feel + jealous.

* sentir envidia de = be envious of.

* sentir hambre = be hungry, feel + hungry.

* sentir hormigueo en la piel = tingle.

* sentir la inclinación de = be inclined to.

* sentir la necesidad de = feel + need for, feel + the need to, get + the urge to.

* sentir la sensación = feel.

* sentir las ganas de = get + the urge to.

* sentir lástima por = feel + sorry for, commiserate (with).

* sentir la tentación de = be tempted to.

* sentir los efectos de = feel + the effects of.

* sentir más ganas de hacer Algo = grow in + appetite.

* sentir miedo = be in fear.

* sentir motivación = have + motivation.

* sentir obligación = feel + compulsion.

* sentir pasión por = be passionate about.

* sentir pena por = feel + sorry for.

* sentir predilección por = be partial to.

* sentir preferencia por = have + a preference for.

* sentir que no tienen en cuenta a Alguien = feel + left out.

* sentir remordimiento = feel + remorse.

* sentir reticencia hacia = recoil.

* sentirse = feel, feel + a sense of, feel like.

* sentirse acorralado = Posesivo + back + be + against the wall.

* sentirse afligido = feel + hurt.

* sentirse a gusto = feel + at home, be at ease.

* sentirse a gusto con = be comfortable with.

* sentirse aislado = feel + left out.

* sentirse aliviado = be relieved.

* sentirse amenazado = feel + threatened.

* sentirse atraído = be engaged.

* sentirse atraído por = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to, take + a liking to, gravitate to(wards).

* sentirse avergonzado = be ashamed, feel + embarrassed.

* sentirse bien = feel + good, wellness, feel + right, get + high.

* sentirse bien con Uno mismo = feel + right.

* sentirse cansado = feel + tired.

* sentirse cohibido = feel + shy.

* sentirse cómodo con = be comfortable with.

* sentirse como en casa = feel + at home, feel like + home (away) from home.

* sentirse como flotando en las nubes = float on + air.

* sentirse como nuevo = be right as rain.

* sentirse como pez en el agua = take to + Nombre + like ducks to water.

* sentirse confortable = be at ease.

* sentirse confuso = feel at + sea, be all at sea.

* sentirse cortado = self-conscious.

* sentirse culpable = feel + guilty.

* sentirse culpable por = feel + guilt over.

* sentir sed = be thirsty.

* sentirse de primera = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse desalentado = be discouraged.

* sentirse descontento con = experience + dissatisfaction with.

* sentirse desilusionado = become + chagrined.

* sentirse destrozado = be gutted, feel + gutted.

* sentirse dolido = feel + hurt.

* sentirse emocionado = be thrilled.

* sentirse encantado = be thrilled.

* sentirse en plena forma = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse entusiasmado = be thrilled.

* sentirse excelente = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse fantástico = feel + tip-top.

* sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.

* sentirse halagado por = be complimented by.

* sentirse hecho polvo = be gutted, feel + gutted.

* sentirse identificado = hit it off.

* sentirse ignorado = feel + left out.

* sentirse importante = feel + important.

* sentirse inclinado a = be inclined to.

* sentirse incómodo = look + uncomfortable.

* sentirse incómodo con = be uncomfortable with, feel + uncomfortable with.

* sentirse indignado (por) = be indignant (at).

* sentirse indispuesto = feel under + the weather, be under the weather.

* sentirse integrado = sense of belonging.

* sentirse intimidado = be in awe.

* sentirse mal = feel + bad, feel under + the weather, be under the weather, feel + wrong.

* sentirse mal con Uno mismo = feel + wrong.

* sentirse mareado = feel + giddy, feel + dizzy.

* sentirse más seguro de = gain + confidence (with/in).

* sentirse molesto = stir + uneasily, look + uncomfortable, feel + wrong.

* sentirse molesto por = be embarrassed at.

* sentirse ofendido = be aggrieved.

* sentirse orgulloso = swell with + pride.

* sentirse orgulloso de = be proud (of/to), take + pride in.

* sentirse partícipe = sense of ownership.

* sentirse perdido = be out of + Posesivo + depth, be in over + Posesivo + head, feel at + sea, be all at sea.

* sentirse rechazado = feel + left out.

* sentirse reconfortado = take + heart.

* sentirse resentido = carry + a chip on + Posesivo + shoulder.

* sentirse sobrecogido = stand in + awe.

* sentirse traicionado = feel + a sense of betrayal.

* sentirse violento = look + uncomfortable.

* sentirse violento por = be embarrassed at.

* sentirse vivo = feel + alive.

* sentir simpatía por = have + warm feelings towards.

* sentir una emoción = feel + emotion.

* sentir una sensación de = experience + sense of.

* sentir un cosquilleo en el estómago = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.

* sentir un escalofrío = experience + shiver.

* sentir un impulso = have + an impulse.

* sentir vergüenza = feel + embarrassed.

* sentir vergüenza ajena = feel + embarrassed for + Nombre.

* siento + Infinitivo = sorry + Infinitivo.

* sin sentir ningún reparo = unashamed.

* sin sentir vergüenza = shamelessly.

* * *

sentir¹ [ I11 ]

vt

A

1 ‹frío/calor/hambre/sed› to feel

empecé a sentir hambre/frío a eso de medianoche I started to feel hungry/cold around midnight

apenas sentí el pinchazo I hardly felt the prick of the needle

sentí un dolor en el costado/un tirón en la pierna I felt a pain in my side/a tug at my leg

2 ‹emoción› to feel

es incapaz de sentir compasión por nadie he's incapable of feeling compassion for anyone

sentimos una gran alegría cuando nos enteramos we were overjoyed when we found out

nunca me hicieron sentir que estaba incomodando they never made me feel I was in the way

lo hizo para que él sintiera celos she did it to make him feel jealous

realmente sienten la música they play the music with great feeling

3

(presentir): sentí que nos iba a pasar algo I had a feeling something was going to happen to us

4

(experimentar consecuencias): los efectos de la crisis se dejarán sentir durante décadas the effects of the crisis will be felt for decades

el descontento se hizo sentir pronto their discontent soon made itself felt

nuestro departamento no ha sentido el cambio de director our department hasn't been affected by the change of director

B

1 (oír) to hear

sentimos un ruido/un disparo/pasos we heard a noise/a shot/footsteps

anoche te sentí llegar I heard you come in last night

2

( esp AmL) (percibir) ‹olor/gusto› siento olor a gas/a quemado I can smell gas/burning

le siento gusto a vainilla/ajo I can taste vanilla/garlic

C

(lamentar): sentí mucho la muerte de tu padre I was very sorry to hear of your father's death

su muerte fue muy sentida his death was deeply mourned

lo siento mucho I'm really sorry

lo siento en el alma I'm terribly sorry, I'm so sorry

no sabes cómo or cuánto lo siento I can't tell you how sorry I am

sentí mucho no poder ayudarla I was very sorry not to be able to help her

el director siente no poder recibirlo the director regrets that he is unable to see you ( frml)

siento que te tengas que ir tan pronto I'm sorry you have to go so soon

■ sentirse

v pron

A (+ compl) to feel

¿te sientes bien? are you feeling o do you feel all right?

me siento mal I don't feel well, I'm not feeling well

me siento enfermo/peor I feel ill/worse

como se sentía mejor se levantó she felt o was feeling better so she got up

se sintió desfallecer she felt as if she were about to faint

no tiene por qué sentirse ofendida/culpable she has no reason to feel hurt/guilty

nos sentimos totalmente identificados con el personaje we can identify completely with the character

me sentía vigilada I felt as if I was being watched

B (Chi, Méx) (ofenderse) to be offended o hurt sentirse CON algn to be offended o upset WITH sb

sentir²

masculine

1 (sentimiento) feelings (pl), emotions (pl)

2 (opinión, postura) feeling, view

la encuesta refleja el sentir general the survey reflects the general feeling o view

* * *

sentir ( conjugate sentir) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹dolor/pinchazo› to feel;

◊ sentir hambre/frío/sed to feel hungry/cold/thirsty

b) ‹ emoción› to feel;

◊ sentimos una gran alegría we were overjoyed;

sentir celos to feel jealous
2
a) ( oír) ‹ruido/disparo› to hear

b) (esp AmL) ( percibir):

◊ siento olor a gas I can smell gas;

le siento gusto a vainilla I can taste vanilla
3 ( lamentar):
◊ lo siento mucho I'm really sorry;

sentí mucho no poder ayudarla I was very sorry not to be able to help her;
ha sentido mucho la pérdida de su madre she has been very affected by her mother's death
sentirse verbo pronominal
1 (+ compl) to feel;
◊ me siento mal I don't feel well, I'm not feeling well;

no me siento con ánimos I don't feel up to it
2 (Chi, Méx) ( ofenderse) to be offended o hurt;
sentirse CON algn to be offended o upset with sb
sentir
I sustantivo masculino
1 (juicio, opinion) opinion, view
2 (sentimiento) feeling
II verbo transitivo
1 to feel
sentir alegría/frío, to feel happy/cold
te lo digo como lo siento, I speak my mind ➣ Ver nota en feel
2 (oír, percibir) to hear: la sentí llegar de madrugada, I heard her come home in the small hours
3 (lamentar) to regret, be sorry about: siento haberte enfadado, I'm sorry I made you angry
' sentir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abominar
- acobardarse
- acusar
- ajena
- ajeno
- aprecio
- arrepentirse
- cobrar
- cogerse
- curiosidad
- despepitarse
- embarazarse
- estimar
- gustar
- identificarse
- intriga
- marearse
- notar
- palpar
- profesar
- rencor
- resentirse
- temer
- tener
- tocar
- tributar
- vergüenza
- agradecer
- ansia
- apenar
- chochear
- cohibir
- descomponer
- lástima
- náuseas
- remordimiento
- sienta
- sintiera
English:
afraid
- averse
- care for
- cringe
- empathize
- feel
- rue
- sense
- sorry
- bite
- care
- cold
- deep
- devoted
- nauseous
- presence
- relieved
- sentiment
- shame
- tingle

* * *

sentir

♦ nm

1. [sentimientos] feelings

2. Formal [opinión]
me gustaría conocer su sentir sobre este tema I'd like to know your feelings o what you feel about this matter;

el sentir popular public opinion

♦ vt

1. [percibir, experimentar, notar] to feel;

¿no sientes calor con tanta ropa? aren't you hot with all those clothes on?;

no siento los pies del frío que hace it's so cold I can't feel my feet;

sentía cierta tensión en el ambiente I could sense o feel a degree of tension in the atmosphere;

sentimos mucha alegría/pena al enterarnos we were very happy/sad when we found out;

siempre dice lo que siente he always says what he thinks;

los trabajadores hicieron sentir su disconformidad the workers made plain their disagreement;
Méx
sentir bonito/feo to feel well/unwell

2. [lamentar] to regret, to be sorry about;

sentimos mucho la muerte de su amigo we deeply regret the death of your friend;

lo siento (mucho) I'm (really) sorry;

no sabes cuánto lo siento I can't tell you how sorry I am;

por él es por quien más lo siento it's him I'm really sorry for;

siento que no puedas venir I'm sorry you can't come;

siento no poder ayudarte I'm sorry I can't help you;

siento haberle hecho esperar sorry to keep you waiting;

sentimos mucho (tener que) comunicarle que… [en cartas] we regret to inform you that…

3. [presentir] to sense;

siento que hay algo que no va bien I have a feeling o I sense that something's not quite right

4. [oír] to hear;

sentí pasos I heard footsteps;

no te sentí entrar I didn't hear you come in

5. Am [olor, gusto]
siento mal olor there's a bad smell;

por el resfrío, no le siente gusto a la comida she can't taste the food because of her cold

♦ vi

to feel;

el frío ya se deja sentir you can really feel the cold now;

la antipatía entre ellos aún se deja sentir the dislike between them is still noticeable;

sin sentir without noticing

♦ See also the pronominal verb sentirse

* * *

sentir

I m feeling, opinion;

en mi sentir in my opinion

II v/t

1 feel;

siento calor I feel hot

2 ( percibir) sense;

sin sentirlo llegar, acabar before I/we knew it

3 ( aparecer)

:

hacerse o

dejarse sentir make itself felt

4

:

lo siento I’m sorry

* * *

sentir {76} vt

1) : to feel, to experience

no siento nada de dolor: I don't feel any pain

sentía sed: he was feeling thirsty

sentir amor: to feel love

2) percibir: to perceive, to sense

sentir un ruido: to hear a noise

3) lamentar: to regret, to feel sorry for

lo siento mucho: I'm very sorry

sentir vi

1) : to have feeling, to feel

2)

sin sentir : without noticing, inadvertently

♦ See also the reflexive verb sentirse

* * *

sentir vb

1. (en general) to feel [pt. & pp. felt]

sintió frío she felt cold

con la anestesia no sentirás nada with the anaesthesia you won't feel a thing

hoy me siento feliz I feel happy today

2. (lamentar) to be sorry

lo siento I'm sorry

3. (oír) to hear [pt. & pp. heard]

sintió pasos a lo lejos he heard footsteps in the distance

Spanish-English dictionary > sentir
12 fracasar

v.

1 to fail (intento, persona).

el modelo fracasó en Europa (producto) the model was a failure in Europe

El chico fracasó The boy failed.

2 to be unsuccessful, to fail to accomplish anything, to draw a blank.

El chico fracasó The boy failed.

El detective fracasó The detective failed to accomplish anything.

El proyecto fracasó The project failed.

Me fracasó el muchacho My boy failed.

* * *

fracasar

► verbo intransitivo

1 to fail, be unsuccessful, fall through

* * *

verb

1) to fail

2) collapse

* * *

1.

VT LAm to mess up, make a mess of

2.

VI [gen] to fail, be unsuccessful; [plan] to fail, fall through

* * *

verbo intransitivo to fail

fracasar en algo — to fail in something

* * *

= flounder, fail, misfire, founder, be unsuccessful, bite + the dust, backfire, go under, give up + the ghost, meet with + failure, flop, fall + apart, come + unstuck, fall + flat, go + pear-shaped, fizzle, go out + the window, come + a cropper, fall through, go + kaput, go + haywire, be up the spout.

Ex. I have noticed in many walks of life, people doing jobs, paid or unpaid, in which they are floundering because they do not have what I might call a job description.

Ex. This article suggests the steps that libraries might take during periods of instability to reduce their chances of being injured by a vendor that fails.

Ex. While project ALBIS was seen as an exercise in networking that misfired it did produce some positive results = Aunque se consideraba que el proyecto ALBIS fue un intento de cooperación en red que fracasó, no obstante produjo algunos resultados positivos.

Ex. It is that, without direction, the library craft may founder in the perpetual whitewater.

Ex. Alex Wilson sides with the librarians who say 'concentrate your book service first and foremost on existing users because expenditure on attracting those with a low motivation is much more costly and likely to be mostly unsuccessful'.

Ex. The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.

Ex. While this direct contact can backfire if the person is not knowledgeable about the product, it is also a golden opportunity to respond directly to customer questions and unique needs.

Ex. Many of them are likely to go under in the next wave of economic recession.

Ex. This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.

Ex. However, many attempts to actively involve the community in reducing its risks of becoming ill have met with failure.

Ex. This opera flopped at its premiere in 1819.

Ex. Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.

Ex. Bright people will always manage towork out the technology but it is the higher-level issues and processes that usually cause a project to come unstuck.

Ex. The performance nevertheless falls flat due to the singers' failure to create true exhilaration.

Ex. The test on the new machines went pear-shaped: nothing really worked properly and they had to install everything again.

Ex. Sure we can, but minus the original moment of sizzle, our excellent choice might very well fizzle.

Ex. The lack of centralisation means that good management goes out the window and everything gets sloppier.

Ex. He had years of experience and common sense and to the best of my knowledge never came a cropper.

Ex. The sale fell through recently, after the buyer was unable to come up with the money.

Ex. With oil at $76 a barrel, it won't be long until it all goes kaput!.

Ex. They left a trail of destruction in the wake of a plan gone haywire.

Ex. Their email system has been up the spout since Saturday preventing the staff from communicating everyday matters and causing extensive housekeeping delays.

----

* esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.

* fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.

* fracasar estrepitosamente = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.

* fracasar miserablemente = fail + dismally, fail + miserably, come + a cropper.

* hacer fracasar = foil, derail.

* planes + fracasar = plan + fall through.

* prosperar o fracasar = sink or swim.

* * *

verbo intransitivo to fail

fracasar en algo — to fail in something

* * *

= flounder, fail, misfire, founder, be unsuccessful, bite + the dust, backfire, go under, give up + the ghost, meet with + failure, flop, fall + apart, come + unstuck, fall + flat, go + pear-shaped, fizzle, go out + the window, come + a cropper, fall through, go + kaput, go + haywire, be up the spout.

Ex: I have noticed in many walks of life, people doing jobs, paid or unpaid, in which they are floundering because they do not have what I might call a job description.

Ex: This article suggests the steps that libraries might take during periods of instability to reduce their chances of being injured by a vendor that fails.

Ex: While project ALBIS was seen as an exercise in networking that misfired it did produce some positive results = Aunque se consideraba que el proyecto ALBIS fue un intento de cooperación en red que fracasó, no obstante produjo algunos resultados positivos.

Ex: It is that, without direction, the library craft may founder in the perpetual whitewater.

Ex: Alex Wilson sides with the librarians who say 'concentrate your book service first and foremost on existing users because expenditure on attracting those with a low motivation is much more costly and likely to be mostly unsuccessful'.

Ex: The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.

Ex: While this direct contact can backfire if the person is not knowledgeable about the product, it is also a golden opportunity to respond directly to customer questions and unique needs.

Ex: Many of them are likely to go under in the next wave of economic recession.

Ex: This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.

Ex: However, many attempts to actively involve the community in reducing its risks of becoming ill have met with failure.

Ex: This opera flopped at its premiere in 1819.

Ex: Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.

Ex: Bright people will always manage towork out the technology but it is the higher-level issues and processes that usually cause a project to come unstuck.

Ex: The performance nevertheless falls flat due to the singers' failure to create true exhilaration.

Ex: The test on the new machines went pear-shaped: nothing really worked properly and they had to install everything again.

Ex: Sure we can, but minus the original moment of sizzle, our excellent choice might very well fizzle.

Ex: The lack of centralisation means that good management goes out the window and everything gets sloppier.

Ex: He had years of experience and common sense and to the best of my knowledge never came a cropper.

Ex: The sale fell through recently, after the buyer was unable to come up with the money.

Ex: With oil at $76 a barrel, it won't be long until it all goes kaput!.

Ex: They left a trail of destruction in the wake of a plan gone haywire.

Ex: Their email system has been up the spout since Saturday preventing the staff from communicating everyday matters and causing extensive housekeeping delays.

* esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.

* fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.

* fracasar estrepitosamente = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.

* fracasar miserablemente = fail + dismally, fail + miserably, come + a cropper.

* hacer fracasar = foil, derail.

* planes + fracasar = plan + fall through.

* prosperar o fracasar = sink or swim.

* * *

fracasar [A1 ]

vi

1 «negociaciones» to fail; «plan» to fail, fall through

2 «persona» to fail

como padre fracasó horriblemente he failed miserably as a father

fracasó como actor he failed o was unsuccessful as an actor

fracasar EN algo to fail IN sth

fracasó en su intento de conquistar el Everest he was unsuccessful o he failed in his attempt to conquer Everest

* * *

fracasar ( conjugate fracasar) verbo intransitivo
to fail
fracasar verbo intransitivo to fail
' fracasar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
venirse
- sonar
- tronar
English:
backfire
- bomb
- break down
- fail
- fall apart
- fall through
- flop
- founder
- miserably
- unstuck
- back
- break
- collapse
- flat
- grief

* * *

fracasar vi

1. [intento] to fail;
[producto] to be a failure;
el modelo fracasó en Europa the model was a failure in Europe

2. [persona] to fail;

fracasó en su intento de obtener un acuerdo he failed in his attempt to get an agreement;

fracasó como cantante she was a failure as a singer

* * *

fracasar

v/i fail

* * *

fracasar vi

1) fallar: to fail

2) : to fall through

* * *

fracasar vb

1. (en general) to fail

2. (planes) to fall through [pt. fell; pp. fallen]

Spanish-English dictionary > fracasar
13 lo básico

= essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on)

Ex. This article explains the motivation and the essential of the fuzzy set theory, using operations with, and relations between these sets as illustrations.

Ex. This paper describes the nuts and bolts of evaluating children's books.

Ex. A cataloguer who wishes to restrict descriptive items to a bare minimum will choose only those which assist individualization.

Ex. The captain's living quarters in a warship were furnished according to his pocket, the bare necessities in the case of an officer without private means, and luxury for a noble or wealthy man.

Ex. Learn about the best places to buy ingredients, hear the lowdown on the top brands, and get plenty of practice balancing sweet, salty, sour.

* * *

= essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on)

Ex: This article explains the motivation and the essential of the fuzzy set theory, using operations with, and relations between these sets as illustrations.

Ex: This paper describes the nuts and bolts of evaluating children's books.

Ex: A cataloguer who wishes to restrict descriptive items to a bare minimum will choose only those which assist individualization.

Ex: The captain's living quarters in a warship were furnished according to his pocket, the bare necessities in the case of an officer without private means, and luxury for a noble or wealthy man.

Ex: Learn about the best places to buy ingredients, hear the lowdown on the top brands, and get plenty of practice balancing sweet, salty, sour.

Spanish-English dictionary > lo básico
14 lo esencial

lo esencial

the main thing

* * *

= essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on)

Ex. This article explains the motivation and the essential of the fuzzy set theory, using operations with, and relations between these sets as illustrations.

Ex. This paper describes the nuts and bolts of evaluating children's books.

Ex. A cataloguer who wishes to restrict descriptive items to a bare minimum will choose only those which assist individualization.

Ex. The captain's living quarters in a warship were furnished according to his pocket, the bare necessities in the case of an officer without private means, and luxury for a noble or wealthy man.

Ex. Learn about the best places to buy ingredients, hear the lowdown on the top brands, and get plenty of practice balancing sweet, salty, sour.

* * *

= essential, the, nuts and bolts, bare minimum, bare necessities, the, the lowdown (on)

Ex: This article explains the motivation and the essential of the fuzzy set theory, using operations with, and relations between these sets as illustrations.

Ex: This paper describes the nuts and bolts of evaluating children's books.

Ex: A cataloguer who wishes to restrict descriptive items to a bare minimum will choose only those which assist individualization.

Ex: The captain's living quarters in a warship were furnished according to his pocket, the bare necessities in the case of an officer without private means, and luxury for a noble or wealthy man.

Ex: Learn about the best places to buy ingredients, hear the lowdown on the top brands, and get plenty of practice balancing sweet, salty, sour.

Spanish-English dictionary > lo esencial
15 suscitar

v.

1 to give rise to.

2 to provoke, to bring about, to arouse, to cause to happen.

* * *

suscitar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to cause, provoke

2 (rebelión) to stir up, arouse; (discusión) to start; (problemas) to cause, raise; (interés) to arouse

* * *

verb

to provoke, arise

* * *

VT [+ rebelión] to stir up; [+ escándalo, conflicto] to cause, provoke; [+ discusión] to start; [+ duda, problema] to raise; [+ interés, sospechas] to arouse; [+ consecuencia] to cause, give rise to, bring with it

* * *

verbo transitivo (frml) <curiosidad/interés> to arouse; < dudas> to raise; <escándalo/polémica> to provoke, cause; < debate> to give rise to

* * *

= fuel, spark off, whip up, elicit, spark, give + rise to, conjure up, arouse, bring about, give + cause to, give + occasion to.

Ex. This is in line with recent trends in the historical sciences generally fuelled by the feeling that in the past historians did not pay enough attention to what is, after all, the majority of humanity.

Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.

Ex. The ALA and some of its members seem to have taken in upon themselves to whip up a frenzy of public relations style fantasy that market reality simply cannot match.

Ex. This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.

Ex. The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.

Ex. The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.

Ex. As we enter full-throttle into the Information Age, the mere mention of 'the information highway' conjures up a predictable set of high-tech images.

Ex. The appearance of this volume aroused such a furor within and without the British Museum that further publication of the catalog was suspended.

Ex. Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.

Ex. That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.

Ex. Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.

----

* suscitar controversia = arouse + controversy.

* suscitar crítica = arouse + criticism, raise + criticism.

* suscitar duda = shed + doubt.

* suscitar dudas = raise + doubts.

* suscitar el debate = spark + debate, spark + discussion, stir + debate.

* suscitar el diálogo = spark + dialogue.

* suscitar la curiosidad = excite + attention.

* suscitar la discusión = spark + discussion.

* suscitar la polémica = spark + controversy.

* suscitar una cuestión = evoke + issue, open up + issue.

* suscitar una pregunta = raise + question.

* suscitar una respuesta = evoke + response, elicit + response.

* suscitar una sugerencia = elicit + suggestion.

* suscitar un comentario = elicit + comment.

* suscitar un debate = arouse + discussion, debate + surface, raise + debate.

* suscitar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.

* suscitar un problema = provoke + problem, raise + problem, raise + concern.

* * *

verbo transitivo (frml) <curiosidad/interés> to arouse; < dudas> to raise; <escándalo/polémica> to provoke, cause; < debate> to give rise to

* * *

= fuel, spark off, whip up, elicit, spark, give + rise to, conjure up, arouse, bring about, give + cause to, give + occasion to.

Ex: This is in line with recent trends in the historical sciences generally fuelled by the feeling that in the past historians did not pay enough attention to what is, after all, the majority of humanity.

Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.

Ex: The ALA and some of its members seem to have taken in upon themselves to whip up a frenzy of public relations style fantasy that market reality simply cannot match.

Ex: This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.

Ex: The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.

Ex: The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.

Ex: As we enter full-throttle into the Information Age, the mere mention of 'the information highway' conjures up a predictable set of high-tech images.

Ex: The appearance of this volume aroused such a furor within and without the British Museum that further publication of the catalog was suspended.

Ex: Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.

Ex: That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.

Ex: Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.

* suscitar controversia = arouse + controversy.

* suscitar crítica = arouse + criticism, raise + criticism.

* suscitar duda = shed + doubt.

* suscitar dudas = raise + doubts.

* suscitar el debate = spark + debate, spark + discussion, stir + debate.

* suscitar el diálogo = spark + dialogue.

* suscitar la curiosidad = excite + attention.

* suscitar la discusión = spark + discussion.

* suscitar la polémica = spark + controversy.

* suscitar una cuestión = evoke + issue, open up + issue.

* suscitar una pregunta = raise + question.

* suscitar una respuesta = evoke + response, elicit + response.

* suscitar una sugerencia = elicit + suggestion.

* suscitar un comentario = elicit + comment.

* suscitar un debate = arouse + discussion, debate + surface, raise + debate.

* suscitar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.

* suscitar un problema = provoke + problem, raise + problem, raise + concern.

* * *

suscitar [A1 ]

vt

( frml); ‹curiosidad/interés› to arouse; ‹dudas› to raise; ‹escándalo/polémica› to provoke, cause

suscitó un acalorado debate it gave rise to a heated debate

* * *

suscitar vtr (originar) to cause, arouse: su postura suscitará polémica, his attitude will provoke controversy
' suscitar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
decir
- imponer
- infundir
- intrigar
- llamar
- tinta
- interesar
English:
excite
- antagonize
- draw
- raise
- rise
- spark

* * *

suscitar vt
[discusión] to give rise to; [dificultades] to cause, to create; [interés, simpatía, sospechas] to arouse; [dudas] to raise
* * *

suscitar

v/t enojo arouse; polémica generate; escándalo provoke

* * *

suscitar vt

: to provoke, to give rise to

Spanish-English dictionary > suscitar
16 motivo

m.

1 reason, cause (causa).

con motivo de because of; (por causa de) on the occasion of; (para celebrar) in order to (con el fin de)

dar motivo a to give reason to

no ser motivo para to be no reason to o for

tener motivos para to have reason to

sin motivo for no reason

motivo de queja ground o grounds for complaint

2 motif (art, lit & music).

3 motive, reason, cause, ground.

4 theme, motif.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: motivar.

* * *

motivo

► nombre masculino

1 motive, reason, cause, grounds plural

■ no tienes motivo para estar deprimido you have no reason to be depressed

■ no pudo venir por motivos de salud he couldn't come for health reasons

■ no sé cuál es el motivo de su queja I don't know what his grounds for complaint are

2 (de dibujo, música) motif, leitmotif

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

bajo ningún motivo under no circumstances

con motivo de (debido a) owing to 2 (en ocasión de) on the occasion of

dar motivo a to give rise to

sin motivo for no apparent reason

tener motivos para... to have reason to...

* * *

noun m.

1) motive

2) cause

* * *

1. SM

1) (=causa) reason

dejó el trabajo por motivos personales — he left the job for personal reasons

por cuyo motivo — for which reason

fue motivo de descalificación del atleta — it was the reason for the athlete's disqualification

con este o tal motivo — for this reason

con motivo de — (=debido a) because of, owing to; (=en ocasión de) on the occasion of

se informatizará el sistema con motivo de las elecciones — the system will be computerized because of o owing to the elections

con motivo de nuestra boda le invitamos a... — on the occasion of our wedding we invite you to...

• motivo de, me dio motivo de preocupación — it gave me cause for concern

la decisión fue motivo de críticas — the decision became the object of criticism

• sin motivo — for no reason, without good reason

dejó de hablarme sin motivo — he stopped talking to me for no reason

• ser motivo sobrado o suficiente, es motivo suficiente o sobrado para seguir votándolo — that's reason enough to continue voting for him, that's all the more reason to continue voting for him

hay suficientes o sobrados motivos para odiarlo — there are more than enough reasons for hating him

motivos de divorcio — grounds for divorce

motivos ocultos — ulterior motives

2) (=móvil) motive

¿cuál fue el motivo del crimen? — what was the motive for the crime?

3) (Arte, Mús) motif

decorado con motivos orientales — decorated with oriental motifs

motivo conductor — leitmotif

motivo decorativo — decorative motif

motivo ornamental — ornamental motif

2.

ADJ motive

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (razón, causa) reason, cause

el motivo de su viaje/del accidente — the reason for her trip/the cause of the accident

por este motivo nos hallamos aquí reunidos — that's (the reason) why we're gathered here

yo tendré mis motivos — I have my reasons

con motivo de algo — on the occasion of something

con motivo del centenario — to mark the centenary

dar motivos para algo — to give grounds for something

nos des motivos para que te critiquen — don't give them cause to criticize you

hay motivos para preocuparse — there is cause for concern

el adulterio es motivo suficiente de divorcio — adultery is sufficient grounds for divorce

por motivos personales — for personal reasons

sin ningún motivo — for no reason at all

sin motivo justificado — without (good) cause

que sea un motivo! — (Col fam) let's drink to that! (colloq)

b) (propósito, finalidad) reason, purpose

¿con qué motivo se convocó la reunión? — what was the purpose of calling the meeting?

empiezo a sospechar de sus motivos — I'm beginning to suspect his motives

el motivo de esta carta es... — the purpose of this letter is...

2) (Art, Lit, Mús) motif

motivos decorativos — decorative motifs

* * *

= cause, ground, motive, reason, peg, motif, trigger.

Ex. The commandment KOLN see COLOGNE should be sufficient cause for the rejection of the illicit proposal to establish OPERA -- KOLN.

Ex. I think there are grounds for dispute on certain terms.

Ex. Other title information is any title borne by an item indicative of the character, contents, etc. of the item or the motives for, or occasion of, its production or publication.

Ex. The reason for its popularity was largely that it was based upon a principle of conformity in essentials, and freedom in details.

Ex. The concepts currently being floated by UNESCO are such as will make convenient pegs to hang pleas for resources for bibliographic and library development to national governments.

Ex. Two pre-coordinated approaches have been used for the indexing of motif and subject content.

Ex. They will however always have some kind of springboard or trigger which has led to their question, and we can work forwards from this.

----

* con motivo de = on the occasion of.

* hay suficientes motivos para pensar que = there + be + every reason to think that.

* los motivos de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.

* motivo de alarma = cause for alarm.

* motivo de irritación = pet peeve.

* motivo de preocupación = cause for alarm, cause for concern, cause of concern.

* motivo de queja = pet peeve.

* motivo de risa = a laughing matter.

* motivo + estar en = reason + lie in.

* motivo ornamental = motif, decorative motif.

* motivo principal = prime cause.

* motivos = grounds.

* no ser motivo de risa = be no laughing matter.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* ser motivo de preocupación = loom + large.

* sin motivo alguno = wantonly.

* sin motivo aparente = for no apparent reason, for apparently no reason.

* sin motivo justificado = without justified reason.

* sin ningún motivo = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.

* sin ningún otro motivo = (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.

* tener motivo = be right.

* tener motivo justificado = have + good cause.

* tener motivo para = have + cause to.

* ver el motivo de Algo = glean + the reason for.

* viaje por motivos académicos = study trip.

* visita por motivos de investigación = research trip, research visit.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (razón, causa) reason, cause

el motivo de su viaje/del accidente — the reason for her trip/the cause of the accident

por este motivo nos hallamos aquí reunidos — that's (the reason) why we're gathered here

yo tendré mis motivos — I have my reasons

con motivo de algo — on the occasion of something

con motivo del centenario — to mark the centenary

dar motivos para algo — to give grounds for something

nos des motivos para que te critiquen — don't give them cause to criticize you

hay motivos para preocuparse — there is cause for concern

el adulterio es motivo suficiente de divorcio — adultery is sufficient grounds for divorce

por motivos personales — for personal reasons

sin ningún motivo — for no reason at all

sin motivo justificado — without (good) cause

que sea un motivo! — (Col fam) let's drink to that! (colloq)

b) (propósito, finalidad) reason, purpose

¿con qué motivo se convocó la reunión? — what was the purpose of calling the meeting?

empiezo a sospechar de sus motivos — I'm beginning to suspect his motives

el motivo de esta carta es... — the purpose of this letter is...

2) (Art, Lit, Mús) motif

motivos decorativos — decorative motifs

* * *

= cause, ground, motive, reason, peg, motif, trigger.

Ex: The commandment KOLN see COLOGNE should be sufficient cause for the rejection of the illicit proposal to establish OPERA -- KOLN.

Ex: I think there are grounds for dispute on certain terms.

Ex: Other title information is any title borne by an item indicative of the character, contents, etc. of the item or the motives for, or occasion of, its production or publication.

Ex: The reason for its popularity was largely that it was based upon a principle of conformity in essentials, and freedom in details.

Ex: The concepts currently being floated by UNESCO are such as will make convenient pegs to hang pleas for resources for bibliographic and library development to national governments.

Ex: Two pre-coordinated approaches have been used for the indexing of motif and subject content.

Ex: They will however always have some kind of springboard or trigger which has led to their question, and we can work forwards from this.

* con motivo de = on the occasion of.

* hay suficientes motivos para pensar que = there + be + every reason to think that.

* los motivos de = the reason behind, the thinking behind, the reasoning behind, the idea behind.

* motivo de alarma = cause for alarm.

* motivo de irritación = pet peeve.

* motivo de preocupación = cause for alarm, cause for concern, cause of concern.

* motivo de queja = pet peeve.

* motivo de risa = a laughing matter.

* motivo + estar en = reason + lie in.

* motivo ornamental = motif, decorative motif.

* motivo principal = prime cause.

* motivos = grounds.

* no ser motivo de risa = be no laughing matter.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* ser motivo de preocupación = loom + large.

* sin motivo alguno = wantonly.

* sin motivo aparente = for no apparent reason, for apparently no reason.

* sin motivo justificado = without justified reason.

* sin ningún motivo = for no reason, for no specific reason, for no particular reason, for no good reason.

* sin ningún otro motivo = (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.

* tener motivo = be right.

* tener motivo justificado = have + good cause.

* tener motivo para = have + cause to.

* ver el motivo de Algo = glean + the reason for.

* viaje por motivos académicos = study trip.

* visita por motivos de investigación = research trip, research visit.

* * *

motivo

masculine

A

(causa): no le des motivos para que se queje de ti don't give him cause to complain about you

si se ha decidido a marcharse, sus motivos tendrá she must have her reasons for deciding to leave

éste es el verdadero motivo de su viaje this is the real reason for o purpose of her trip

por este motivo nos hallamos aquí reunidos that's why we're gathered here

sin ningún motivo for no reason at all

el adulterio es motivo suficiente de divorcio adultery is sufficient grounds for divorce

este hecho no debe ser motivo de preocupación the fact that this has happened should not be cause o give any cause for concern

por motivos personales for personal reasons

habíamos empezado a sospechar de sus motivos we had begun to suspect his motives

con motivo del centenario se celebrará una importante exposición there will be an important exhibition for o to mark the centenary

con motivo de su toma de posesión to mark (the occasion of) his inauguration

se aumentaron las medidas de seguridad con motivo de su visita security measures were stepped up for his visit

¡que sea un motivo! ( Col fam); let's drink to that! ( colloq)

B

1 ( Art, Lit, Mús) motif

el paisaje es un motivo recurrente en los impresionistas landscapes are a recurring motif in the work of the Impressionists

2 (en una decoración) motif

motivos ornamentales or decorativos ornamental o decorative motifs

* * *

Del verbo motivar: ( conjugate motivar)

motivo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

motivó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
motivar
motivo
motivar ( conjugate motivar) verbo transitivo
1 ( en general) to motivate;
◊ motivado por la venganza motivated by revenge;

¿qué te motivó a hacerlo? what made you do it?
2 ( causar) to bring about, cause
motivo sustantivo masculino
1
a) (razón, causa) reason, cause;

◊ el motivo de su viaje the reason for her trip;

por este motivo nos hallamos aquí that's (the reason) why we're here;
con motivo de algo on the occasion of sth;
no des motivos para que te critiquen don't give them cause to criticize you;
hay motivos para preocuparse there is cause for concern;
el adulterio es motivo suficiente de divorcio adultery is sufficient grounds for divorce;
sin ningún motivo for no reason at all;
¡que sea un motivo! (Col fam) let's drink to that! (colloq)
b) (propósito, finalidad) purpose;

◊ el motivo de esta carta es … the purpose of this letter is …

2 (Art, Lit, Mús) motif;
◊ motivos decorativos decorative motifs

motivar verbo transitivo
1 (provocar) to cause
2 (animar) to motivate
motivo sustantivo masculino
1 (causa) reason: no tienes motivos para sospechar, you have no grounds for suspicion
organizaron una fiesta con motivo de su aniversario, they had a party on the occasion of their anniversary
sin motivo, for no reason at all
2 Arte Mús motif, leitmotif
' motivo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alguna
- alguno
- aparente
- base
- causa
- interesar
- lugar
- para
- por
- razón
- valer
- concreto
- cual
- motivación
- motivar
- obedecer
- tema
- vergüenza
English:
about
- call
- cause
- deduce
- for
- get at
- grievance
- ground
- motif
- motive
- occasion
- ostensible
- out of
- over
- real
- reason
- search out
- suicide note
- ulterior
- whatever
- why
- apparent
- design
- laughing
- motivation
- shower

* * *

motivo nm

1. [causa] reason (de for); [de crimen] motive (de for);
la situación económica se ha vuelto a convertir en motivo de preocupación the economy has once again become a cause for concern;

el éxito de la misión es motivo de orgullo para todos nosotros the success of the mission is a reason for all of us to be proud;

se retiró por motivos personales she withdrew for personal reasons;

con motivo de [por causa de] because of;
[para celebrar] on the occasion of; [con el fin de] in order to;
implantaron el toque de queda con motivo de los desórdenes callejeros a curfew was imposed because of the rioting;

las fiestas con motivo del V centenario the celebrations to mark the 500th anniversary o on the occasion of the 500th anniversary;

con mayor motivo even more so;

dar motivo a to give reason to;

no ser motivo para to be no reason to o for;

por motivo de because of;

tener motivos para to have reason to;

tiene un buen motivo para no acudir porque va a estar su ex mujer he has good reason for not coming because his ex-wife is going to be there;

sin motivo for no reason

2. [melodía] motif

3. [dibujo, figura] motif;

un motivo decorativo o [m5] ornamental a decorative motif

4. Chile
motivos finickiness

* * *

motivo

m

1 motive, reason;

por motivos de salud for health reasons;

sin motivo for no reason at all;

con motivo de because of;

con motivo de la visita on the occasion of the visit

2 MÚS, PINT motif

* * *

motivo nm

1) móvil: motive

2) causa: cause, reason

3) tema: theme, motif

* * *

motivo n reason

no es motivo para despedirte that's no reason to sack you

no tienes motivo de quejarte you have no reason to complain

con motivo de on the occasion of

Spanish-English dictionary > motivo
17 ἁπλότης

ἁπλότης, ητος, ἡ (s. ἁπλοῦς ‘single’, opp. of διπλοῦς ‘twofold’; X., Pla., et al.; OGI 764, 1; Kaibel 716, 5; LXX; Test12Patr; TestJob 26:6; Philo; Joseph.; s. Nägeli 52) ‘singleness’.

① In our lit. esp. of personal integrity expressed in word or action (cp. our colloq. ‘what you see is what you get’) simplicity, sincerity, uprightness, frankness ἐν ἁ. τῆς καρδίας ὑπακούειν obey w. a sincere heart (as vs. 6 indicates, not with an outward show that conceals improper motivation) Eph 6:5; cp. Col 3:22 (Diod S 5, 66, 4, ἁπλότης τῆς ψυχῆς =inmost sincerity; 1 Ch 29:17; Wsd 1:1; TestReub 4:1; TestSim 4:5; TestLevi 13:1); w. εἰλικρίνεια 2 Cor 1:12; cp. the Syr. rendering of 1 Cl 60:2 (text: ὁσιότης). ἐν ἁ. λέγειν speak simply, plainly, i.e., without ambiguity B 8:2 (cp. Dionys. Hal., Ars Rhet. 9, 14). ἐν ἁ. δηλῶσαι 17:1. ἐν ἁ. εὑρίσκεσθαι be found sincere Hm 2:7. ἡ ἁ. ἡ εἰς Χριστόν sincere devotion to Christ 2 Cor 11:3 (WWood, Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1925, 450–53).—Of simple goodness, which gives itself without reserve, ‘without strings attached’, ‘without hidden agendas’ (Jos., Bell. 5, 319, Ant. 7, 332; TestIss 3:8) ingenuousness Ro 12:8; 2 Cor 8:2; 9:11, 13. Hermas is esp. fond of this mng.: w. ἀκακία (Philo, Op. M. 170) Hv 1, 2, 4; 3, 9, 1; w. ἐγκράτεια Hv 2, 3, 2; w. νηπιότης Hs 9, 24, 3; ἐμμένειν τῇ ἁ. continue in your sincerity Hv 3, 1, 9. For this ἁ. ἔχειν m 2:1. Personif. w. other Christian virtues Hv 3, 8, 5 and 7; Hs 9, 15, 2.

② The interpretation generosity, liberality has frequently been proposed for Ro 12:8; 2 Cor 8:2; 9:11, *13 (w. support sought in TestIss 3:8 [s. RCharles, Test12Patr, 1908, on TestIss 3:1, 2, 8]; Kaibel 716, 5=IG XIV, 1517 [s. L-S-J-M s.v. II, 3]), but this sense (adopted by NRSV et al.) is in dispute, and it is prob. that mng. 1 in the sense of sincere concern, simple goodness is sufficient for all these pass. Aristot., EN 4, 1, 13f, 1120a documents the Gr-Rom. cultural perspective: giving should be done with enthusiasm and without grudging.—JAmstutz, ΑΠΛΟΤΗΣ ’68 (no pap or ins).—DELG s.v. ἁπλόος. EDNT. New Docs 5, 77. M-M. TW. Spicq.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἁπλότης
18 lettre

lettre [lεtʀ]

1. feminine noun

   a. ( = caractère) letter

• écrivez la somme en (toutes) lettres write out the sum in full

• c'est en toutes lettres dans les journaux it's there in black and white in the newspapers

   b. ( = missive) letter

• prendre qch au pied de la lettre to take sth literally

• rester lettre morte to go unheeded

• Anne Lemoine, féministe avant la lettre Anne Lemoine, a feminist before the term existed

2. plural feminine noun

lettres

   a. ( = littérature) les (belles) lettres literature

   b. (à l'université, au collège) arts subjects ; ( = français) French

• professeur de lettres French teacher

• lettres classiques classics sg

• lettres modernes ( = discipline) French

3. compounds

► lettre d'amour love letter

► lettre de change bill of exchange

► lettres de noblesse

• donner ses lettres de noblesse à to lend credibility to ► lettre ouverte open letter

► lettre de rappel reminder

► lettre de recommandation letter of recommendation

► lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship

* * *
lɛtʀ
1.

nom féminin

1) ( signe graphique) letter

lettre minuscule — small letter

lettre majuscule or capitale — capital letter

lettre d'imprimerie — block letter

un mot de trois lettres — a three-letter word

en toutes lettres — lit in full

c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le rapport — fig it's down in black and white in the report

les Romains furent des urbanistes avant la lettre — the Romans were city planners before the concept was invented

2) ( écrit adressé) letter

lettre de réclamation — letter of complaint

lettre de rupture — letter ending a relationship

une petite lettre — a note

3) ( contenu d'un texte) letter

à la lettre, au pied de la lettre — [appliquer, suivre] to the letter

il prend à la lettre tout ce qu'on lui dit — he takes everything you say literally

2.

lettres nom féminin pluriel

1) Université, École ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US

étudiant en lettres — ( français) student reading French GB, student majoring in French US; ( plus général) arts GB ou humanities US student

docteur ès lettres — ≈ Doctor of Philosophy

2) ( culture littéraire) letters

femme de lettres — woman of letters

les gens de lettres — writers

avoir des lettres — to be well read

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- lettre ouverte

- lettre recommandée

- lettres classiques

- lettres modernes

••

passer comme une lettre à la poste — (colloq) [réforme] to go through smoothly; [excuse] to be accepted without any questions

devenir lettre morte — to become a dead letter

rester lettre morte — to go unheeded

* * *
lɛtʀ
1. nf

1) [alphabet] letter

en lettres majuscules; en lettres capitales — in capital letters, in capitals

en toutes lettres — in full

2) (= courrier) letter

écrire une lettre — to write a letter

3) (autres locutions)

à la lettre — to the letter

avant la lettre — before the term existed, before the term was coined

..., écologiste avant la lettre —..., an ecologist before the term existed,..., an ecologist before the term was coined

2. lettres nfpl

1) (culture)

avoir des lettres — to be well read

2) (= littérature) literature sg

3) ÉDUCATION arts subjects

* * *

lettre

A nf

1 ( signe graphique) letter; les lettres de l'alphabet the letters of the alphabet; lettre minuscule small letter; lettre majuscule or capitale capital letter; lettre d'imprimerie block letter; en lettres majuscules in capital letters; un mot de trois lettres a three-letter word; en toutes lettres lit in full; écrire la date/somme en toutes lettres write the date/sum out in full; c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le rapport fig it's down in black and white in the report; c'est écrit en grosses lettres it's written in big letters; les Romains furent des urbanistes avant la lettre the Romans were city planners before they were invented; ⇒ cinq;

2 ( écrit adressé) letter; une lettre de félicitations/remerciements/condoléances a letter of congratulations /thanks/condolence; lettre d'accompagnement covering letter; lettre de réclamation letter of complaint; lettre de rupture letter ending a relationship; une lettre de recommandation/candidature/démission a letter of recommendation/application/resignation; lettre anonyme/de menaces anonymous/threatening letter; une petite lettre a note;

3 ( contenu d'un texte) letter; l'esprit et la lettre d'un texte the spirit and the letter of a text; à la lettre, au pied de la lettre [appliquer, suivre] to the letter; il prend à la lettre tout ce qu'on lui dit he takes everything you say literally.

B lettres nfpl

1 Univ, Scol ( français) French; ( plus général) arts GB, humanities US; étudiant en lettres ( français) student reading French GB, student majoring in French US; ( plus général) arts GB ou humanities US student; faculté de lettres arts faculty GB, school of the humanities; être en lettres, faire des études de lettres to do an arts degree, to study humanities US; professeur de lettres teacher of French (for native speakers); docteur ès lettres ≈ Doctor of Philosophy;

2 ( culture littéraire) letters; homme/femme de lettres man/woman of letters; les gens de lettres writers; avoir des lettres to be well read; le monde des lettres the literary world.

Composés

lettre de cachet lettre de cachet; lettre de cadrage Pol scoping document (outlining issues for inclusion in the next budget); lettre capitulaire Édition decorated initial; lettre de change bill of exchange; lettre de château thank you letter, bread and butter letter; lettre circulaire circular; lettre de crédit letter of credit; lettre d'intention letter of intention; lettre ornée illuminated letter; lettre ouverte open letter (à to); lettre recommandée registered letter; lettre de voiture Comm waybill, consignment note; lettres classiques French and Latin; lettres de créance credentials; lettres modernes French language and literature; lettres de noblesse letters patent of nobility; avoir ses lettres de noblesse fig to have an illustrious history; gagner ses lettres de noblesse fig to win one's spurs; lettres patentes letters patent; lettres supérieures preparatory class for entrance exam for the École Normale Supérieure.

Idiomes

passer comme une lettre à la poste○ [décision, réforme] to go through smoothly ou without a hitch; [excuse] to be accepted without any questions; un événement à graver en lettres d'or an event to remember; écrit en lettres de feu written in letters of fire; devenir lettre morte to become a dead letter; rester lettre morte to go unheeded.

[lɛtr] nom féminin

A.[CARACTÈRE]

1. [d'un alphabet] letter

un mot de neuf lettres a nine-letter word

lettre majuscule capital (letter), uppercase letter

lettre minuscule small ou lowercase letter

en lettres de feu/d'or/de sang: leur révolte est écrite en lettres de feu dans ma mémoire their revolt is branded on my memory

leur abnégation est gravée en lettres d'or dans nos cœurs their self-sacrifice is engraved indelibly in our hearts

cette page d'histoire est imprimée en lettres de sang dans notre mémoire this page of history has left a bloody impression in our memory

2. IMPRIMERIE [forme en plomb] character, letter

B.[ÉCRIT]

1. [correspondance] letter

pas de lettres pour moi? no mail ou no letters for me?

mettre une lettre à la poste to post a letter

lettre d'amour/de menace love/threatening letter

lettre anonyme anonymous letter

lettre exprès express letter

lettre d'introduction letter of introduction

lettre de motivation covering letter

lettre de recommandation letter of recommendation

lettre recommandée

a. [avec accusé de réception] recorded delivery letter (UK), letter sent by certified mail (US)

b. [avec valeur déclarée] registered letter

lettre de remerciements letter of thanks, thank-you letter

elle lui a écrit une lettre de rupture she wrote to tell him she was leaving him

passer comme une lettre à la poste

a. (familier) [boisson, aliment] to go down a treat

b. [demande, mesure] to go off without a hitch, to go off smoothly

2. BANQUE

lettre de change bill of exchange

lettre de crédit letter of credit

3. DROIT

lettre d'intention letter of intent

4. HISTOIRE

lettres de noblesse letters patent (of nobility)

conquérir ou recevoir des lettres de noblesse (figuré) to gain respectability

5. POLITIQUE

lettres de créance credentials

6. PRESSE

lettre ouverte open letter

7. LITTÉRATURE [titre]

‘les Lettres de mon moulin’ Daudet ‘Letters from My Mill’

‘Lettres persanes’ Montesquieu ‘Persian Letters’

‘Lettre à d'Alembert’ Rousseau ‘Letter to d'Alembert’

C.[SENS STRICT] letter

respecter la lettre de la loi to respect ou observe the letter of the law

rester lettre morte to go unheeded, to be disregarded

————————

lettres nom féminin pluriel

1. ÉDUCATION

les lettres arts subjects, the arts, the humanities

étudiant en lettres arts student

lettres classiques classics, Latin and Greek

lettres modernes modern literature

lettres supérieures preparatory class (leading to the École Normale Supérieure and lasting two years)

2. LITTÉRATURE

les lettres literature

le monde des lettres the literary world

avoir des lettres to be well-read

un homme/une femme de lettres a man/a woman of letters

————————

à la lettre locution adverbiale,

au pied de la lettre locution adverbiale

suivre des ordres au pied de la lettre to follow orders to the letter

ne prends pas ce qu'il dit au pied de la lettre don't take what he says at face value

————————

avant la lettre locution adverbiale

c'était un surréaliste avant la lettre he was a surrealist before the term was ever invented

en toutes lettres locution adverbiale

1. [entièrement] in full

écrire quelque chose en toutes lettres to write something (out) in full

2. [très clairement] clearly, plainly

c'est écrit en toutes lettres dans le contrat it's written in black and white ou it's spelt out plainly in the contract

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > lettre
19 desinteresado

adj.

1 disinterested, unconcerned, indifferent, uncaring.

2 unselfish, selfless.

f. & m.

uninterested person.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: desinteresarse.

* * *

desinteresado

► participio pasado

1→ link=desinteresarse desinteresarse

► adjetivo

1 disinterested, unselfish

* * *

ADJ

1) (=altruista) unselfish

2) (=imparcial) disinterested

* * *

- da adjetivo <consejo/ayuda> disinterested; < persona> selfless

* * *

= uninterested, uncaring, plateaued, pro bono, selfless, unselfish, self-denying, self-sacrificing, self-giving.

Ex. Other staff of the library remained at best uninterested in the project and at worst resented it as a diminution of traditional library services.

Ex. The principal problem which faces archives is that of saving significant material from indiscriminate destruction by ignorant or uncaring owners.

Ex. This article suggests strategies which managers can adopt to assist passively plateaued individuals who are discontented with their situation and lack interest or motivation.

Ex. Pro bono work should be a part of professional duty, not looked on as a charitable act = El trabajo desinteresado debería formar parte de los deberes profesionales y no considerarse como un acto caritativo.

Ex. Information technology should be viewed as an enabler of a larger system which builds a sharing, selfless working community.

Ex. True, we do have our unselfish heroes, men who willingly have laid down their lives for others, the wholly unselfish mother, the man who will step aside for the benefit of others.

Ex. She on the other hand believes in a self-denying, self-sacraficing love which goes beyond the mere impulse of humanity.

Ex. She on the other hand believes in a self-denying, self-sacraficing love which goes beyond the mere impulse of humanity.

Ex. Mark's Gospel reveals the power of God as self-effacement and self-giving love rather than domination and conquest.

----

* trabajo desinteresado = labour of love.

* * *

- da adjetivo <consejo/ayuda> disinterested; < persona> selfless

* * *

= uninterested, uncaring, plateaued, pro bono, selfless, unselfish, self-denying, self-sacrificing, self-giving.

Ex: Other staff of the library remained at best uninterested in the project and at worst resented it as a diminution of traditional library services.

Ex: The principal problem which faces archives is that of saving significant material from indiscriminate destruction by ignorant or uncaring owners.

Ex: This article suggests strategies which managers can adopt to assist passively plateaued individuals who are discontented with their situation and lack interest or motivation.

Ex: Pro bono work should be a part of professional duty, not looked on as a charitable act = El trabajo desinteresado debería formar parte de los deberes profesionales y no considerarse como un acto caritativo.

Ex: Information technology should be viewed as an enabler of a larger system which builds a sharing, selfless working community.

Ex: True, we do have our unselfish heroes, men who willingly have laid down their lives for others, the wholly unselfish mother, the man who will step aside for the benefit of others.

Ex: She on the other hand believes in a self-denying, self-sacraficing love which goes beyond the mere impulse of humanity.

Ex: She on the other hand believes in a self-denying, self-sacraficing love which goes beyond the mere impulse of humanity.

Ex: Mark's Gospel reveals the power of God as self-effacement and self-giving love rather than domination and conquest.

* trabajo desinteresado = labour of love.

* * *

desinteresado -da

adjective

‹actuación› unselfish, selfless ( frml); ‹consejo/ayuda› disinterested; ‹persona› selfless

ofreció su ayuda de forma desinteresada he offered to help without expecting anything in return

* * *

Del verbo desinteresarse: ( conjugate desinteresarse)

desinteresado es:

el participio

Multiple Entries:
desinteresado
desinteresarse
desinteresado
◊ -da adjetivo ‹consejo/ayuda› disinterested;

‹ persona› selfless
desinteresado,-a adjetivo unselfish, selfless
' desinteresado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desinteresada
English:
disinterested
- selfless
- unselfish

* * *

desinteresado, -a adj

1. [indiferente] uninterested ( por in)

2. [generoso] unselfish;

colabora de forma desinteresada he's taking part with no thought of personal gain

* * *

desinteresado

adj unselfish, disinterested

* * *

desinteresado, -da adj

generoso: unselfish

Spanish-English dictionary > desinteresado
20 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

   ■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:

   ■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

   ■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.

   ■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.

   ■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

   ■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.

   ■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.

   ■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.

   ■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

   ■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

   ■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.

   ■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.

   ■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W., and George Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1977.

   ■ Disney, Anthony R. Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

   ■ ———, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

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